A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins includes introducing a feed stream comprising hydrogen and at least one carbon-containing component selected from the group consisting of CO, CO.sub.2, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone. The feed stream is contacted with a hybrid catalyst in the reaction zone, and a product stream is formed that exits the reaction zone and includes C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins. The hybrid catalyst includes a methanol synthesis component and a solid microporous acid component that is selected from molecular sieves having 8-MR access and having a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, AFX, ERI, LTA, UFI, RTH, and combinations thereof. The methanol synthesis component comprises a metal oxide support and a metal catalyst. The metal oxide support includes titania, zirconia, hafnia or mixtures thereof, and the metal catalyst includes zinc.

Water purification particles have porous particles and photocatalyst particles formed of titanium-based compound particles that are supported on the porous particles, have absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and have an absorption peak at 2,700 cm.sup.−1 to 3,000 cm.sup.−1 in an infrared absorption spectrum, and a metal compound having a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group is bonded to the surface of each of the titanium-based compound particles through an oxygen atom.

Water purification particles have porous particles and photocatalyst particles formed of titanium-based compound particles that are supported on the porous particles, have absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and have an absorption peak at 2,700 cm.sup.−1 to 3,000 cm.sup.−1 in an infrared absorption spectrum, and a metal compound having a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group is bonded to the surface of each of the titanium-based compound particles through an oxygen atom.

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

Metal oxide nanoarrays, such as titanium oxide nanoarrays, having a platinum group metal dispersed thereon and methods of making such nanoarrays are described. The platinum group metal can be dispersed on the metal oxide nanoarray as single atoms. The nanoarrays can be used to catalyze oxidation of combustion exhaust.

A selective catalytic reduction catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream of a passive ignition engine, the catalyst comprising a porous wall-flow filter substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length (w) extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by porous internal walls of the porous wall flow filter substrate; wherein the catalyst further comprises a first coating, said first coating extending over x % of the substrate axial length from the inlet end toward the outlet end of the substrate, x being in the range of from 10 to 100, wherein the first coating comprises copper and an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material; wherein the catalyst further comprises a second coating, the second coating extending over y % of the substrate axial length from the outlet end toward the inlet end of the substrate, y being in the range of from 20 to 90, wherein the second coating comprises copper, and optionally an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material; wherein the catalyst optionally further comprises a third coating; wherein x+y is at least 90; wherein y % of w from the outlet end toward the inlet end of the substrate define the outlet zone of the coated substrate and (100−y) % of w from the inlet end toward the outlet end of the substrate define the inlet zone of the coated substrate; wherein the ratio of the loading of copper in the inlet zone, Cu(in), calculated as CuO, relative to the loading of copper in the outlet zone, Cu(out), calculated as CuO, Cu(in):Cu(out), is less than 1:1.

Catalyst material composed of a sodium incorporated cerium-zirconium based mixed oxide catalyst material, such as Ce—Zr/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, for oxygen storage capacity applications. The sodium incorporated cerium-zirconium based mixed oxide catalyst material is synthesized by co-precipitation techniques using sodium carbonate as the precipitating agent and exhibits a high oxygen storage capacity.

A catalyst-containing material includes a refractory matrix and particles of one or more catalytic metal elements or catalytic oxides. The particles are dispersed through, and embedded in, the refractory matrix.

A honeycomb structure made of ceramics, wherein the honeycomb structure includes: a borosilicate; and silicon particles doped with at least one dopant, the dopant is a Group 13 element or a Group 15 element, the silicon particles have a dopant amount (A) of 1×10.sup.16 to 5×10.sup.20/cm.sup.3, and the honeycomb structure has a silicon particle content (B) of 30 to 80% by mass.

A honeycomb structure made of ceramics, wherein the honeycomb structure includes: a borosilicate; and silicon particles doped with at least one dopant, the dopant is a Group 13 element or a Group 15 element, the silicon particles have a dopant amount (A) of 1×10.sup.16 to 5×10.sup.20/cm.sup.3, and the honeycomb structure has a silicon particle content (B) of 30 to 80% by mass.