An embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming a magnesium (Mg)-containing coating layer on the surface of a metal support, which comprises a first step of preparing a precursor solution containing a magnesium component, a second step of forming a precipitate on the surface of a metal support by immersing and aging the metal support in the precursor solution prepared in the first step, and a third step of forming a magnesium-containing coating layer on the surface of the metal support by calcinating the precipitate formed in the second step.

An embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming a magnesium (Mg)-containing coating layer on the surface of a metal support, which comprises a first step of preparing a precursor solution containing a magnesium component, a second step of forming a precipitate on the surface of a metal support by immersing and aging the metal support in the precursor solution prepared in the first step, and a third step of forming a magnesium-containing coating layer on the surface of the metal support by calcinating the precipitate formed in the second step.

A catalyst is provided. The catalyst includes a carrier and a metal. The carrier is represented by a formula: M.sub.xAl.sub.(1-x)O.sub.(3-x)/2, where M is an alkaline earth metal, and x is between 0.09 and 0.24. The metal is loaded on the carrier. A method for manufacturing the catalyst is also provided.

A catalyst is provided. The catalyst includes a carrier and a metal. The carrier is represented by a formula: M.sub.xAl.sub.(1-x)O.sub.(3-x)/2, where M is an alkaline earth metal, and x is between 0.09 and 0.24. The metal is loaded on the carrier. A method for manufacturing the catalyst is also provided.

Particulate catalytic cracking catalysts which comprise a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, added silica, a magnesium salt, an alumina containing binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Particulate catalytic cracking catalysts which comprise a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, added silica, a magnesium salt, an alumina containing binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a unique transition metal molybdotungsten oxy-hydroxide material. The hydroprocessing using the transition metal molybdotungsten oxy-hydroxide material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

A rare earth free particulate catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, an acidified silica sol binder, magnesium salt, clay and a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved hydrogen and coke selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

A rare earth free particulate catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, an acidified silica sol binder, magnesium salt, clay and a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved hydrogen and coke selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an ester having formula RCOOR (I), wherein R represents a group selected from: (i) a linear or branched alkyl, containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (ii) an aryl containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (iii) a heterocycle with 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, P and S, R represents a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said process comprising at least a phase of reacting a reaction mixture comprising at least one aldehyde having formula RCHO (II), wherein R has the meanings defined above, and at least one alcohol having general formula ROH (III), wherein R has the meanings defined above, in the presence of at least one solid basic catalyst, at a temperature within the range of 120 C.-300 C., obtaining said ester having formula (I).