The invention relates to a process for converting paraffin to olefin comprising the following steps: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) providing a catalyst containing at least one Group VIA and/or Group VIIA transition metal on a solid support; (c) pretreating the catalyst by contacting the catalyst with at least one reducing gas and at least one oxidizing gas; and (d) contacting the by hydrocarbon feedstock and the pretreated catalyst at a temperature in the range of 200 C. to 600 C., preferably 320 C. to 450 C. and to a catalyst for use therein.

The invention relates to a process for converting paraffin to olefin comprising the following steps: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) providing a catalyst containing at least one Group VIA and/or Group VIIA transition metal on a solid support; (c) pretreating the catalyst by contacting the catalyst with at least one reducing gas and at least one oxidizing gas; and (d) contacting the by hydrocarbon feedstock and the pretreated catalyst at a temperature in the range of 200 C. to 600 C., preferably 320 C. to 450 C. and to a catalyst for use therein.

A CO slip catalyst, for treating an exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine, is disclosed. The CO slip catalyst comprises palladium and a ceria-containing material. The invention also includes a method for oxidizing excess CO in an exhaust gas, wherein the excess CO results from the periodic contact of an upstream catalyst under rich exhaust conditions. The method comprises contacting the excess CO in the exhaust gas with a CO slip catalyst at a temperature in the range of 100 to 700 C.

A hydroprocessing co-catalyst composition may comprise in an embodiment a first component comprising co-catalyst particles and a liquid carrier, and a second component comprising a dispersant and a dispersant diluent. The co-catalyst particles may be in the micron size range, and the dispersant may promote dispersion of the co-catalyst particles in materials such as the liquid carrier, the dispersant diluent, and combinations thereof. Methods of introducing a hydroprocessing co-catalyst composition into a hydroprocessing system are also disclosed.

A method for controllably producing a hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by combining an iron nitrate solution with a precipitating agent solution at a precipitating temperature and over a precipitation time to form a precipitate comprising iron phases; holding the precipitate from at a hold temperature for a hold time to provide a hematite containing precipitate; and washing the hematite containing precipitate via contact with a wash solution and filtering, to provide a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further comprise promoting the washed hematite containing catalyst with a chemical promoter; spray drying the promoted hematite containing catalyst; and calcining the spray dried hematite containing catalyst to provide a calcined hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

A method for controllably producing a hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by combining an iron nitrate solution with a precipitating agent solution at a precipitating temperature and over a precipitation time to form a precipitate comprising iron phases; holding the precipitate from at a hold temperature for a hold time to provide a hematite containing precipitate; and washing the hematite containing precipitate via contact with a wash solution and filtering, to provide a washed hematite containing catalyst. The method may further comprise promoting the washed hematite containing catalyst with a chemical promoter; spray drying the promoted hematite containing catalyst; and calcining the spray dried hematite containing catalyst to provide a calcined hematite-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst including a base material and a catalyst layer that is arranged on the base material. The catalyst layer includes a catalyst metal and a carrying material carrying the catalyst metal. The catalyst layer satisfies below: (1) in a pore distribution curve measured by a mercury porosimeter, a peak for the largest pore volume exists within a range of a pore diameter equal to or more than 1 m and not more than 10 m; and (2) on an electron microscopy observation image (with a 1000-fold magnification) of a surface of the catalyst layer, when areas of a plurality of voids comprised in the electron microscopy observation image are respectively calculated, a standard deviation for the areas of the plurality of voids is not more than 30 m.sup.2.

The present invention relates to a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst composed of at least two catalytically active coatings on a support body, wherein a lower coating A contains cerium oxide, and platinum and/or palladium, but no alkaline earth metal compound, and an upper coating B which is disposed above coating A contains an alkaline earth metal compound, a basic mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide, and platinum and palladium, and to a method for converting NO.sub.x in exhaust gases of motor vehicles which are operated with lean-burn engines.

The present invention relates to a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst composed of at least two catalytically active coatings on a support body, wherein a lower coating A contains cerium oxide, and platinum and/or palladium, but no alkaline earth metal compound, and an upper coating B which is disposed above coating A contains an alkaline earth metal compound, a basic mixed magnesium-aluminum oxide, and platinum and palladium, and to a method for converting NO.sub.x in exhaust gases of motor vehicles which are operated with lean-burn engines.

A catalysed soot filter comprises an oxidation catalyst for oxidizing NO to NO.sub.2 and/or oxidizing CO to CO.sub.2 and/or HC to CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O disposed on a wall flow filter monolithic substrate, the oxidation catalyst comprising: a platinum group metal component, and a pre-calcined support material comprising a mixed magnesium aluminium metal oxide having a magnesium content, calculated as Mg, of 15 wt % Mg or lower.