A process for preparing a powder support containing alumina and silica or their derivatives for a catalyst of a Fischer-Tropsch type reaction, including stage (a) of preparing a first reactant containing an alumina compound or precursor including a reaction for peptization of an alumina compound or precursor in the presence of an acid, to form solid particles in suspension, stage (b) of preparing a second reactant based on silicic acid and/or on a compound or precursor of silicic acid, including a controlled aging treatment of the silicic acid targeted at its polymerization up to a degree of conversion of the silicic acid of at most 70%, stage (c) of mixing the two reactants in a mixer, and the pH of the first reactant is adjusted to a value not exceeding a given maximum pH threshold.

Systems for preparing butenes are provided. The systems can include a reactor inlet coupled to both a reactor and at least one reactant reservoir; at least one of the reactant reservoirs containing one or both of an aldehyde and/or ethanol; a catalyst within the reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support material; and a reactor outlet operationally configured to convey a butene-rich reaction product to a product reservoir. Methods for preparing butenes are also provided. The methods can include exposing one or both of ethanol and/or an aldehyde to a catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support to form a butene-rich product that comprises one or both of 1-butene and/or 2-butene.

Emissions treatment systems of combustion engines are provided, which comprise a platinum-containing catalyst that is degreened during production, which is before exposure to operating conditions of a vehicle having a diesel engine. The platinum-containing catalyst, in the form of a platinum component on a high surface area refractory metal oxide support, exhibits a vibration frequency of about 2085 to about 2105 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalytic material is essentially-free of platinum oxide species found at greater than about 2110 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalysts can provide excellent and consistent conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2).

A method includes supplying a gas containing acrolein to a fixed bed reactor including a reaction tube to produce acrylic acid by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein. The reaction tube is packed with catalysts having different activities in such a way that catalyst layers are formed in a tube axis direction. A catalyst X having the highest activity among the catalysts contained in all the catalyst layers is placed in the whole or a part of a section up to 30% of a length of all the catalyst layers from a rearmost portion on a gas outlet side toward a gas inlet side. A catalytically active component x in the catalyst X has Mo, V, and optionally Cu. When Cu is included, its amount is 0.8 mol or less per 12 mol of Mo. A specific surface area of the catalytically active component x is 15-40 m.sup.2/g.

The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising a substrate and a wash-coat comprising a first layer and a second layer, wherein the substrate has a substrate length, a front end and a rear end, the washcoat comprising the first layer comprising a first metal oxide and comprising a platinum group metal supported on a metal oxide support material; the second layer comprising a second metal oxide and comprising one or more of an oxidic compound of vanadium, an oxidic compound of tungsten and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of Fe and Cu; wherein the first layer is at least partially disposed directly on the substrate, or is at least partially disposed directly on an intermediate layer which is disposed directly on the substrate over the entire length of the substrate, on x % of the length of the substrate from the front end of the substrate, and wherein the second layer is at least partially disposed directly on the substrate, or is at least partially disposed directly on the intermediate layer which is disposed directly on the substrate over the entire length of the substrate, on y % of the length of the substrate from the rear end of the substrate, wherein x is in the range of from 25 to 75 and y is in the range of from 25 to 75 and wherein x+y is in the range of from 95 to 105, wherein the intermediate layer comprises alumina.

The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising a substrate and a wash-coat comprising a first layer and a second layer, wherein the substrate has a substrate length, a front end and a rear end, the washcoat comprising the first layer comprising a first metal oxide and comprising a platinum group metal supported on a metal oxide support material; the second layer comprising a second metal oxide and comprising one or more of an oxidic compound of vanadium, an oxidic compound of tungsten and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of Fe and Cu; wherein the first layer is at least partially disposed directly on the substrate, or is at least partially disposed directly on an intermediate layer which is disposed directly on the substrate over the entire length of the substrate, on x % of the length of the substrate from the front end of the substrate, and wherein the second layer is at least partially disposed directly on the substrate, or is at least partially disposed directly on the intermediate layer which is disposed directly on the substrate over the entire length of the substrate, on y % of the length of the substrate from the rear end of the substrate, wherein x is in the range of from 25 to 75 and y is in the range of from 25 to 75 and wherein x+y is in the range of from 95 to 105, wherein the intermediate layer comprises alumina.

The present invention relates to a process for conveniently preparing a supported cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst having improved activity and selectivity for C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a supported cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, said process comprising the steps of: (a) impregnating a support material with: i) a cobalt-containing compound and ii) acetic acid, or a manganese salt of acetic acid, in a single impregnation step to form an impregnated support material; and (b) drying and calcining the impregnated support material; wherein the support material impregnated in step (a) has not previously been modified with a source of metal other than cobalt; and wherein when the cobalt-containing compound is cobalt hydroxide, a manganese salt of acetic acid is not used in step (a) of the process.

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

The present invention is directed at the conversion of ammonium nitrate and related compounds upon reaction with methane into compounds such as ethyl acetate, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction may proceed within a fluid-solid type reactor. The reaction may be facilitated in the presence of inert or catalytic solids.

The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising a carrier body having a length L extending between a first end face and a second end face, and differently composed material zones A and B arranged on the carrier body, wherein material zone A comprises platinum and palladium applied to a cerium-titanium mixed oxide, and material zone B comprises platinum and palladium applied to a carrier oxide B.