Honeycomb bodies and methods for treating a honeycomb bodies that include a skin surrounding a matrix of cells, the skin and the matrix of cells comprising a porous inorganic material. Methods include applying a buffer solution to only the porous inorganic material of the skin and coating the porous inorganic material of the skin with an oxide slurry. The oxide slurry includes an oxide or a precursor of the oxide configured to increase the isostatic strength of the honeycomb body. After treatment, the honeycomb body may be dried.

Honeycomb bodies and methods for treating a honeycomb bodies that include a skin surrounding a matrix of cells, the skin and the matrix of cells comprising a porous inorganic material. Methods include applying a buffer solution to only the porous inorganic material of the skin and coating the porous inorganic material of the skin with an oxide slurry. The oxide slurry includes an oxide or a precursor of the oxide configured to increase the isostatic strength of the honeycomb body. After treatment, the honeycomb body may be dried.

Materials, methods of making, and methods of providing a trimetallic oxygen carrier for converting methane containing fuel to synthesis gas. The trimetallic oxygen carrier comprises Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t, where Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t is a chemical composition with 0<x3 and 0<y3 and 0<z3 and, 0<t5. For example, Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t may be one of CuMnFeO.sub.4, CuFe.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.5O.sub.4, CuFeMn.sub.2O.sub.4, CuFe.sub.2MnO.sub.4, or Cu impregnated on FerMnsOu, Fe impregnated on CurMnsOu, Mn impregnated on CurFesOu where r>0, s>0 and u>0 and combinations thereof. Reaction of trimetallic Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t with methane generates a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H.sub.2.

Materials, methods of making, and methods of providing a trimetallic oxygen carrier for converting methane containing fuel to synthesis gas. The trimetallic oxygen carrier comprises Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t, where Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t is a chemical composition with 0<x3 and 0<y3 and 0<z3 and, 0<t5. For example, Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t may be one of CuMnFeO.sub.4, CuFe.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.5O.sub.4, CuFeMn.sub.2O.sub.4, CuFe.sub.2MnO.sub.4, or Cu impregnated on FerMnsOu, Fe impregnated on CurMnsOu, Mn impregnated on CurFesOu where r>0, s>0 and u>0 and combinations thereof. Reaction of trimetallic Cu.sub.xFe.sub.yMn.sub.zO.sub.t with methane generates a product stream comprising at least 50 vol. % CO and H.sub.2.

Embodiments provide a method for determining a chloride content of an alumina-based catalyst used for catalytic reforming. The method includes the step of combining nitric acid, isopropanol, and the alumina-based catalyst such that the alumina-based catalyst is dissolved in the nitric acid and the isopropanol to form a homogenized mixture. The alumina-based catalyst include chloride. The method includes the step of taking a conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture using a pair of electrodes. The method includes the step of introducing a titrant solution comprising silver nitrate to the homogenized mixture such that a precipitate of silver chloride is formed. The method includes the step of determining a chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture based on the conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture. The method includes the step of determining the chloride content of the alumina-based catalyst based on the chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture.

Embodiments provide a method for determining a chloride content of an alumina-based catalyst used for catalytic reforming. The method includes the step of combining nitric acid, isopropanol, and the alumina-based catalyst such that the alumina-based catalyst is dissolved in the nitric acid and the isopropanol to form a homogenized mixture. The alumina-based catalyst include chloride. The method includes the step of taking a conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture using a pair of electrodes. The method includes the step of introducing a titrant solution comprising silver nitrate to the homogenized mixture such that a precipitate of silver chloride is formed. The method includes the step of determining a chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture based on the conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture. The method includes the step of determining the chloride content of the alumina-based catalyst based on the chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture.

Supplemental heat required to raise the temperature of a regenerated catalyst to the minimum required to promote the catalyzed reaction in an FCC unit is provided by introducing adsorbent material containing HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors with the coked catalyst into the FCC catalyst regeneration unit for combustion. The HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors can be adsorbed on either a carbonaceous adsorbent, such as activated carbon, that is completely combustible and generates no ash, or on fresh or coked FCC catalyst that is recovered from an HPNA adsorption column that has treated the bottoms from a hydrocracking unit to remove the HPNA compounds and their precursors.

Supplemental heat required to raise the temperature of a regenerated catalyst to the minimum required to promote the catalyzed reaction in an FCC unit is provided by introducing adsorbent material containing HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors with the coked catalyst into the FCC catalyst regeneration unit for combustion. The HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors can be adsorbed on either a carbonaceous adsorbent, such as activated carbon, that is completely combustible and generates no ash, or on fresh or coked FCC catalyst that is recovered from an HPNA adsorption column that has treated the bottoms from a hydrocracking unit to remove the HPNA compounds and their precursors.

The invention provides a method of reducing the amount of nitrogen oxide components in a process gas stream comprising: a) contacting a deNO.sub.X catalyst with the process gas in the presence of ammonia which results in the conversion of nitrogen oxide components as well as a decline in the NO.sub.X conversion over the deNO.sub.X catalyst; and b) regenerating the deNO.sub.X catalyst to improve the NO.sub.X conversion by contacting the deNO.sub.X catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 250 to 390 C. with a flow of ammonia that is reduced relative to the flow of ammonia in step a) and process gas, air or a mixture thereof.

The invention provides a method of reducing the amount of nitrogen oxide components in a process gas stream comprising: a) contacting a deNO.sub.X catalyst with the process gas in the presence of ammonia which results in the conversion of nitrogen oxide components as well as a decline in the NO.sub.X conversion over the deNO.sub.X catalyst; and b) regenerating the deNO.sub.X catalyst to improve the NO.sub.X conversion by contacting the deNO.sub.X catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 250 to 390 C. with a flow of ammonia that is reduced relative to the flow of ammonia in step a) and process gas, air or a mixture thereof.