Composites of mixed metal oxides for an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprise the following co-precipitated materials by weight of the composite: zirconia in an amount in the range of 55-99%; titania in an amount in the range of 1-25%; a promoter and/or a stabilizer in an amount in the range of 0-20%. These composites are effective as supports for platinum group metals (PGMs), in particular rhodium.

A two-reactor catalytic system including a catalytic membrane gasification reactor and a catalytic membrane water gas shift reactor. The catalytic system, for converting biomass to hydrogen gas, features a novel gasification reactor containing both hollow fiber membranes that selectively allow O.sub.2 to permeate therethrough and a catalyst that facilitates tar reformation. Also disclosed is a process of converting biomass to H2. The process includes the steps of, among others, introducing air into a hollow fiber membrane; mixing the O.sub.2 permeating through the hollow fiber membrane and steam to react with biomass to produce syngas and tar; and reforming the tar in the presence of a catalyst to produce more syngas.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a shaped catalyst for alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation, which comprises: a) preparing a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium; b) mixing the catalyst obtained in step a), a binder and optionally water, wherein the binder has a surface area greater than 100 m.sup.2/g and a water loss upon heating at a temperature of 485° C. which is greater than 1 wt. %; c) shaping the mixture obtained in step b) to form a shaped catalyst by means of tableting; and d) subjecting the shaped catalyst obtained in step c) to an elevated temperature. Further, the invention relates to a catalyst obtainable by said process and to a process of alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation wherein said catalyst is used.

In some embodiments, a system for producing liquid fuel from landfill gas includes a tri-reformer that receives landfill gas and produces synthesis gas having a H.sub.2:CO ratio of approximately 2:1, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reformer that receives the synthesis gas from the tri-reformer and produces liquid fuel.

The present invention discloses a metal-catalyzed process for hydration of nitrile under the influence of the ultrasonic cavitation effect. The present invention further discloses a catalyst of formula (I), wherein the catalyst is used for process for hydration of nitrile and process for preparation thereof.

A.sub.XB.sub.YC.sub.Z   Formula (I)

The invention provides a perovskite-type oxynitride hydride which can be easily synthesized by achieving both improvement in catalytic performance and stabilization when used as a support of a catalyst. The oxynitride hydride is represented by general formula (1a) or (1b).

ABO.sub.3-xN.sub.yH.sub.z  (1a)

AB.sub.2O.sub.4-xN.sub.yH.sub.z  (1b)

(In the above general formulas (1 a) and (1 b), A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ba and Sr; B is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ce, La and Y; x represents a number represented by 0.2≤x≤2.0; y represents a number represented by 0.1≤y≤1.0; and z represents a number represented by 0.1≤z≤1.0.)

A photocatalyst and a method for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water by photocatalytic electrolysis are disclosed. The photocatalyst includes a photoactive material and metal or metal alloy material (15)—e.g. pure particles or alloys of Au, Pd and Ag—capable of having plasmon resonance properties deposited on the surface of the photoactive material. The photoactive material includes a p-n junction (17) formed by contact of a n-type semiconductor material (10), such as mixed phase TiO2 nano particles (anatase to rutile ratio of 1.5 to 1 or greater), and a p-type semiconductor material (16), such as CoO or Cu2O.

This disclosure generally relates to an oxide composition basically composed of cerium and zirconium that has exceptional and stable porosity, surface area and lattice oxygen mobility. The oxide composition can contain one or more other rare earth oxides other than cerium oxide. For example, some compositions can contain one or more of lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide and neodymium oxide. The oxide composition can be useful as a catalyst, catalyst support, sensor applications and combinations thereof.

A honeycomb structure is formed of a porous ceramic material and has pores in the structural body, wherein cerium dioxide is present in a state that it is incorporated in the structural body in the ceramic material, and at least a part of cerium dioxide particles is exposed on pore surfaces of the pores. The ceramic material includes cordierite or silicon carbide as a major component, the ratio of the cerium dioxide to the ceramic material is in the range of from 1.0% by mass to 10.0% by mass, and at least a part of catalyst particulates of a platinum group element such as platinum or palladium is loaded by the cerium dioxide particles.

A catalyst is illustrated, which has 70-90 parts by weight of mica, 1-10 parts by weight of zeolite, 5-15 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 1-10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 1-5 parts by weight of sodium oxide and 1-5 parts by weight of potassium oxide. The present disclosure also illustrates a pyrolysis device using the catalyst, and further illustrates a pyrolysis method using the catalyst and/or the pyrolysis device for thermally cracking an organic polymer.