Embodiments of the present invention relates to integrated catalyst systems and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide or carbohydrate to CO, methane, or other valuable chemicals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, requiring no extra energy. The integrated catalyst systems are comprised of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and at least two metal elements, wherein one metal element needs to be active than the other one. The integrated catalyst systems can be applied to reduce carbon dioxide and carbohydrate at room temperature with considerable conversion efficiency. The reduction process involves the steps of: a) nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds performance as solvent/major catalyst, dual component as reducing agent / co-catalyst; b) introducing the above integrated catalysts into the reactor full of CO.sub.2 or carbohydrate, and keeping stirring the reacting system for 1 to 4 hours, without any illumination or heating; c) CO, methane, or other reduction product is achieved with a conversion efficiency of about 100%; d) the reduction products are gases, which can be directly separated from the system without any additional separation process or involving additional chemicals.

Embodiments of the present invention relates to integrated catalyst systems and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide or carbohydrate to CO, methane, or other valuable chemicals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, requiring no extra energy. The integrated catalyst systems are comprised of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and at least two metal elements, wherein one metal element needs to be active than the other one. The integrated catalyst systems can be applied to reduce carbon dioxide and carbohydrate at room temperature with considerable conversion efficiency. The reduction process involves the steps of: a) nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds performance as solvent/major catalyst, dual component as reducing agent / co-catalyst; b) introducing the above integrated catalysts into the reactor full of CO.sub.2 or carbohydrate, and keeping stirring the reacting system for 1 to 4 hours, without any illumination or heating; c) CO, methane, or other reduction product is achieved with a conversion efficiency of about 100%; d) the reduction products are gases, which can be directly separated from the system without any additional separation process or involving additional chemicals.

This invention relates to a method for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM), more specifically to a method for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol having a high rate of trans isomers without an isomerization reaction step.

This invention relates to a method for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM), more specifically to a method for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol having a high rate of trans isomers without an isomerization reaction step.

The present disclosure generally relates to a process for coating a scaffold, and in particular a process for coating a scaffold of a static mixer using catalytic liquid suspensions. The present disclosure also generally relates to a process for preparing a catalytically coated scaffold comprising applying a catalytic liquid suspension to a surface of a scaffold to provide a coating containing catalytically reactive sites on the surface of the coated scaffold.

The present disclosure generally relates to a process for coating a scaffold, and in particular a process for coating a scaffold of a static mixer using catalytic liquid suspensions. The present disclosure also generally relates to a process for preparing a catalytically coated scaffold comprising applying a catalytic liquid suspension to a surface of a scaffold to provide a coating containing catalytically reactive sites on the surface of the coated scaffold.

The present invention relates to a calcined medium, in particular a catalyst or a catalyst medium or an adsorbent/absorbent mass, in particular in the form of extrudates, pellets, granules or beads, the medium comprising a porous matrix comprising carbonates, clays, zeolites, oxides, or metal and/or silicon hydroxides, and the matrix incorporating hollow mineral microspheres having a different composition in a content of between 0.3 and 50% by weight, in particular between 0.5 and 15% by weight, of the matrix.

The present disclosure relates to an ionic liquid composition and a process for its preparation. The process of the present disclosure is simple, single pot and efficient process for preparing the ionic liquid composition which is effective in a Friedel Craft reaction like, alkylation reaction, trans-alkylation, and acylation. The present disclosure envisages an ionic liquid composition comprising at least one metal hydroxide; at least one metal halide; and at least one solvent. Also envisaged is a process for preparing an ionic liquid composition. The process comprises mixing in a reaction vessel, at least one metal hydroxide and at least one metal halide in the presence of at least one solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere and continuous stirring followed by cooling under continuous stirring to obtain the ionic liquid composition.

The disclosure relates to a method for making a photocatalytic structure, the method comprising: providing a carbon nanotube structure comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes intersected with each other; a plurality of openings being defined by the plurality of carbon nanotubes; forming a photocatalytic active layer on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure; applying a metal layer pre-form on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer; and annealing the metal layer pre-form.

The disclosure relates to a method for making a photocatalytic structure, the method comprising: providing a carbon nanotube structure comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes intersected with each other; a plurality of openings being defined by the plurality of carbon nanotubes; forming a photocatalytic active layer on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure; applying a metal layer pre-form on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer; and annealing the metal layer pre-form.