An organic base modified composite catalyst for producing ethylene by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component I is a metal oxide; the component II is an organic base modified zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-8. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity. The selectivity of C.sub.2-C.sub.3 olefins is as high as 78-87%; the selectivity of hydrocarbon products with more than 4 C atoms is less than 10%; the selectivity of a methane side product is extremely low (<9%); and meanwhile, the selectivity of the ethylene is 75-82%.

A process for removing asphaltenes from an oil feed comprising the steps of introducing the oil feed to a reactor, where the oil feed comprises a carbonaceous material and asphaltenes, introducing a heteropolyacid feed to the reactor, where the heteropolyacid feed comprises a heteropolyacid, operating the reactor at a reaction temperature and a reaction pressure for a reaction time such that the heteropolyacid is operable to catalyze an acid catalyzed polymerization reaction of the asphaltenes to produce polymerized asphaltenes, where a mixed product comprises the polymerized asphaltenes and a de-asphalted oil, introducing the mixed product to a separator at the end of the reaction time, and separating the mixed product in the separator to produce a de-asphalted oil and a waste stream, where the de-asphalted oil has a lower concentration of sulfur, a lower concentration of nitrogen, and a lower concentration of metals as compared to the oil feed.

A process for removing asphaltenes from an oil feed comprising the steps of introducing the oil feed to a reactor, where the oil feed comprises a carbonaceous material and asphaltenes, introducing a heteropolyacid feed to the reactor, where the heteropolyacid feed comprises a heteropolyacid, operating the reactor at a reaction temperature and a reaction pressure for a reaction time such that the heteropolyacid is operable to catalyze an acid catalyzed polymerization reaction of the asphaltenes to produce polymerized asphaltenes, where a mixed product comprises the polymerized asphaltenes and a de-asphalted oil, introducing the mixed product to a separator at the end of the reaction time, and separating the mixed product in the separator to produce a de-asphalted oil and a waste stream, where the de-asphalted oil has a lower concentration of sulfur, a lower concentration of nitrogen, and a lower concentration of metals as compared to the oil feed.

The disclosure relates to a method for hydrofluorination of an olefin of the formula: RCXCYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCXHCFYZ, wherein X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo, comprising reacting the olefin with HF in the liquid-phase, in the presence of SbF.sub.5, at a temperature ranging from about 30 C. to about 65 C. and compositions formed by the process.

The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils that selectively converts polyunsaturated fatty acids into mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and to the products obtained therefrom. Vegetable oils obtained by the process according to the invention have a particularly high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and are suitable for use as raw materials for the synthesis of chemical intermediates.

Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst composite containing a perovskite-oxide and an oxide support, methods of preparing a catalyst composite containing a perovskite-oxide and an oxide support, and the use thereof for CO.sub.2 conversion by a reverse water gas shift chemical looping (RWGS-CL) process.

A method of manufacturing a polyurethane phase-change composition comprises forming a curable composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of an organic isocyanate, a polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 1.5 to 5, and a phase-change material; and curing the curable composition to obtain a polyurethane phase-change composition, wherein the polyurethane phase-change composition has a transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418, of 5 to 70 C.

A method of manufacturing a polyurethane phase-change composition comprises forming a curable composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of an organic isocyanate, a polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 1.5 to 5, and a phase-change material; and curing the curable composition to obtain a polyurethane phase-change composition, wherein the polyurethane phase-change composition has a transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418, of 5 to 70 C.

A functional structural body that can realize a prolonged life time by suppressing the decrease in function and that can fulfill resource saving without requiring a complicated replacement operation is provided. A functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one solid acid present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body has channels connecting with each other, and the solid acid is present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.