A method for producing glycolic acid includes selectively hydrogenating glyoxylic acid using a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal element, the glycolic acid produced, which has a bio-based carbon content of above 50%. A method for preparing a composition selected from the group consisting of cosmetics, home care products, personal care products, textiles, food, beverages, drugs, fragrances, inks, or paints includes adding the glycolic acid to the composition.

To provide a method and a composition for producing a geometric isomer (isomer 2) represented by a certain formula (1) by geometrically isomerizing a corresponding geometric isomer (isomer 1) represented by the certain formula (1), the method including, contacting the geometric isomer (isomer 1) represented by the certain formula (1) with a compound (A) which is at least one of a dichlorotrifluoropropane and hydrogen chloride in a gas phase.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation from water. The Z-scheme photocatalyst can include a hybrid metal that includes a semiconductor material/M1/Cd.sub.xM.sub.1xS material. M1 can be transition metal and M can Zn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ag, Pb and Ni.

The present specification relates to a carrier-nanoparticle complex and a preparation method thereof.

The invention provides a catalyst system comprising: a) one or more Group 1 metal phosphotungstate-containing species; and b) one or more catalytic species suitable for hydrogenation; and a process for the preparation of monoethylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, by contacting said starting material with hydrogen in a reactor in the presence of a solvent and said catalyst system.

The invention provides a catalyst system comprising: a) one or more Group 1 metal phosphotungstate-containing species; and b) one or more catalytic species suitable for hydrogenation; and a process for the preparation of monoethylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, by contacting said starting material with hydrogen in a reactor in the presence of a solvent and said catalyst system.

The present invention provides a preparation method for a nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded metal monatomic catalyst, including: mixing a soluble metallic salt, a hydroxylamine hydrochloride, a soluble carbon source, water, and ethanol, to obtain a mixed solution, then performing drying and precipitation, to obtain a catalyst precursor, and finally performing calcination, to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded metal monatomic catalyst. In the present invention, the metallic salt, the hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the carbon source are fully mixed in the solution, and after being dried, are calcined, to carbonize the carbon source, so that ammonium ions are decomposed into nitrogen-doped carbon, and meanwhile, metal atoms are loaded onto the nitrogen-doped carbon. The method is simple, and costs are low.

A catalyst includes a mixed metal oxide; an alumina; silica, and calcium, where the mixed metal oxide includes Cu and at least one of Mn, Zn, Ni, or Co. Such catalysts exhibit enhanced tolerance sulfur-containing compounds and free fatty acids.

The present invention discloses the use of a metal nanoparticle which comprises at least one semiconductor attached to it, wherein the at least one semiconductor is an atomic quantum cluster (AQC) consisting of between 2 and 55 zero-valent transition metal atoms, as photocatalysts in photocatalytic processes and applications thereof.

The present invention discloses the use of a metal nanoparticle which comprises at least one semiconductor attached to it, wherein the at least one semiconductor is an atomic quantum cluster (AQC) consisting of between 2 and 55 zero-valent transition metal atoms, as photocatalysts in photocatalytic processes and applications thereof.