Methods of sulfurizing metal containing particles in the absence of hydrogen are described. One method includes contacting a bed of metal containing particles with a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and inert gas under reaction conditions sufficient to produce sulfided metal containing particles. The gaseous stream is introduced into a vertical reactor at an inlet positioned at the bottom portion of the reactor and any unreacted hydrogen sulfide and inert gas is removed at an outlet positioned above the inlet. The sulfided metal containing particles can be removed from the reactor and stored.

A ferrite catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation and a method of preparing the same. The ferrite catalyst is prepared using an epoxide-based sol-gel method, wherein a step of burning includes a first burning step, in which burning is performed at a temperature of 70 to 200 C.; and a second burning step, in which burning is performed after the temperature is raised from a temperature in the range of greater than 200 C. to 250 C. to a temperature in the range of 600 to 900 C.

The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) generally relates to a solid catalyst component comprising a zeolite with a modifier and at least one Group VIII meal alloyed with at least one transition metal. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) further relates to a method of making the solid catalyst component and a process of converting mixed waste plastics into low molecular weight organic compounds using the solid catalyst component.

The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) generally relates to a solid catalyst component comprising a zeolite with a modifier and at least one Group VIII meal alloyed with at least one transition metal. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) further relates to a method of making the solid catalyst component and a process of converting mixed waste plastics into low molecular weight organic compounds using the solid catalyst component.

Provided is a composition comprising a ceria-zirconia mixed oxide, the ceria-zirconia mixed oxide being surface-modified with a perovskite type compound of formula (I); wherein formula (I) is defined by A.sub.x-yA.sub.yB.sub.1-zB.sub.zO.sub.3; where: A is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd; A is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd; B is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, Sc, Nb, V, W, Bi, Zn, Sn, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, and Ir; B is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, Sc, Nb, V, W, Bi, Zn, Sn, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, and Ir; x is from 0.7 to 1; y is from 0 to 0.5; and z is from 0 to 0.5.

Provided is a composition comprising alumina, the alumina being surface-modified with a perovskite type compound of formula (I); wherein formula (I) is defined by A.sub.x-yA.sub.yB.sub.1-z B.sub.zO.sub.3; where: A is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd; A is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd; B is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, Sc, Nb, V, W, Bi, Zn, Sn, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, and Ir; B is an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, Sc, Nb, V, W, Bi, Zn, Sn, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, and Ir; x is from 0.7 to 1; y is from 0 to 0.5; and z is from 0 to 0.5.

The present invention provides titania particles which are formed by providing a titania sol and spray drying the titania sol. A morphology of the dried titania particles is controlled by producing the titania sol from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and controlling the pH of the slurry to be 3 pH units or more from the iso-electric point of the titania by adding a peptizing agent to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated, or by producing the titania sol from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and adjusting the iso-electric point to be 3 pH units or more from the pH of the slurry by adding a dispersant to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated. The titania particles have a continuous exterior convex surface, a diameter of 30 m or less, a BET specific surface area of 50 m.sup.2/g or more, and are porous.

The present invention provides titania particles which are formed by providing a titania sol and spray drying the titania sol. A morphology of the dried titania particles is controlled by producing the titania sol from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and controlling the pH of the slurry to be 3 pH units or more from the iso-electric point of the titania by adding a peptizing agent to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated, or by producing the titania sol from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and adjusting the iso-electric point to be 3 pH units or more from the pH of the slurry by adding a dispersant to reduce an extent to which the titania sol is flocculated. The titania particles have a continuous exterior convex surface, a diameter of 30 m or less, a BET specific surface area of 50 m.sup.2/g or more, and are porous.

A catalyst article comprises an SCR catalyst and a NOx adsorber catalyst, where each of these catalysts comprise a metal molecular sieve, each with a different metal. The catalyst article can be close coupled with other components to give a NO.sub.X performance advantage from cold start to a combined DOC and SCRF system. Higher NO.sub.X conversion is also shown in under-floor location due to NOx storage before SCR light off and selective NH.sub.3 slip control, allowing higher NH3 fill levels. Systems comprising the catalyst article and methods of using the catalyst article to give improved hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide control, as well as ammonia slip control, are described. The systems can include flow-through or wall-flow monoliths.

The invention provides a process for the production of titania particles with a desired morphology. The process comprises providing a titania sol and then drying the sol to provide dried titania particles. The process is characterized in that the morphology of the dried titania particles is controlled by applying one or more of the following criteria: (a) the titania sol is produced from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry obtained using a precipitation step in a sulphate process, wherein the size of micelles formed during the precipitation is controlled; (b) the titania sol is produced from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and the pH of the slurry is controlled in order to affect the extent to which the titania sol is flocculated; (c) the titania sol is produced from a TiO.sub.2 containing slurry and the iso-electric point of the titania is adjusted in order to affect the extent to which the titania sol is flocculated; (d) the titania sol is dried by application of heat and the temperature used during the drying step is controlled.