Provided is a method for manufacturing a single-atom catalyst supported on a carbon support, including treating a mixture of a precursor of a carbon support and a precursor of a hetero element other than carbon through a dry vapor phase process, thereby supporting, on a carbon support, a single-atom catalyst containing a hetero element other than carbon.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a single-atom catalyst supported on a carbon support, including treating a mixture of a precursor of a carbon support and a precursor of a hetero element other than carbon through a dry vapor phase process, thereby supporting, on a carbon support, a single-atom catalyst containing a hetero element other than carbon.

The present invention relates to improvements in known gold containing catalysts. In particular, the present invention relates to improving the stability and/or inhibition of deactivation of gold containing catalysts via the addition of an inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxo-salt or oxo-acid. There is also disclosed a method for preparing said catalyst most suitably via an impregnation method. Such catalysts are useful in the production of vinyl chloride monomer.

A method for preparing methyl acrylate comprises: a) heating in a reaction zone a mixture comprising acrylic acid, methanol, and an acid catalyst to react and form a reaction product comprising methyl acrylate which is vaporized with other light components and then fed to a distillation zone, wherein a feed stream entering the reaction zone comprises methanol to acrylic acid in a molar ratio of greater than 1 and less than 2, and a residence time in the reaction zone ranges from 0.25 to 2 hours; b) condensing and phase-separating a distillate from the distillation zone to form an organic phase comprising methyl acrylate and an aqueous phase; c) returning a portion of the organic phase to the distillation zone as organic reflux; and d) feeding the remainder of the organic phase and the aqueous phase of the distillation zone to an extraction column to form a methanol rich aqueous effluent and an organic effluent comprising methyl acrylate.

A method for preparing methyl acrylate comprises: a) heating in a reaction zone a mixture comprising acrylic acid, methanol, and an acid catalyst to react and form a reaction product comprising methyl acrylate which is vaporized with other light components and then fed to a distillation zone, wherein a feed stream entering the reaction zone comprises methanol to acrylic acid in a molar ratio of greater than 1 and less than 2, and a residence time in the reaction zone ranges from 0.25 to 2 hours; b) condensing and phase-separating a distillate from the distillation zone to form an organic phase comprising methyl acrylate and an aqueous phase; c) returning a portion of the organic phase to the distillation zone as organic reflux; and d) feeding the remainder of the organic phase and the aqueous phase of the distillation zone to an extraction column to form a methanol rich aqueous effluent and an organic effluent comprising methyl acrylate.

Methods of forming non-metal doped metal oxide nanoparticles using a flame spray pyrolysis process are described. The non-metal doped metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit high photocatalytic activity. Specific non-metal doped metal oxides nanoparticles which can be formed by the described processes include nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide and sulfur-doped titanium dioxide.

Provided is a method of efficiently preparing alkyl lactate from by-products which are generated during a process of converting lactic acid into lactide, or from poly(lactic acid) (PLA).

Provided is a method of efficiently preparing alkyl lactate from by-products which are generated during a process of converting lactic acid into lactide, or from poly(lactic acid) (PLA).

Present subject matter provides a semiconductor nanocrystal comprises a core and a shell. The core is fabricated from a first semiconductor. The shell is fabricated from a second semiconductor. The optical cross section of the semiconductor nanocrystal is in a range of 10.sup.−17 cm.sup.2-10.sup.−12 cm.sup.2 in a 2-3 eV region. The core is less than 2 nanometers from an outer surface of the shell in at least one region of the semiconductor nanocrystal. Present subject matter also provides method for preparation of the semiconductor nanocrystals and method for photosynthesis of organic compounds.

The present invention relates to novel poly(heptazine imides), a photocatalytic system comprising such poly(heptazine imides) and a sulfur source as well as the application thereof in photocatalytic reactions.