Embodiments of the present disclosure include a hyperpolarizing system, comprising a hyperpolarization reaction chamber having a location therein for supporting a solid catalyst with a sample in contact therewith, a cooler configured to lower a temperature of the sample and the solid catalyst to a temperature in a range of about 70K and about 250K, and an optical light source configured to direct light energy toward the solid catalyst to thereby hyperpolarize electrons in the solid catalyst and facilitate transfer of hyperpolarization to nuclei of the sample.

[Problem] The main purpose is to provide a novel carbon-containing solid acid which has an excellent catalytic activity and of which the catalytic activity cannot be deteriorated easily even when used repeatedly. [Solution] A carbon-containing solid acid which comprises a carbonaceous material having a sulfonate group, wherein the carbonaceous material has a graphene structure in at least a part thereof and contains boron.

[Problem] The main purpose is to provide a novel carbon-containing solid acid which has an excellent catalytic activity and of which the catalytic activity cannot be deteriorated easily even when used repeatedly. [Solution] A carbon-containing solid acid which comprises a carbonaceous material having a sulfonate group, wherein the carbonaceous material has a graphene structure in at least a part thereof and contains boron.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a catalyst that includes a solid support, a first metal that includes at least one of ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) deposited on the solid support, and a second metal comprising at least one of tin (Sn), rhenium (Re), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), or tungsten (W) deposited on the solid support, where the first metal and the second metal are present at a first metal to second metal mass ratio between about 1.0:2.0 and about 1.0:0.5.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a catalyst that includes a solid support, a first metal that includes at least one of ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) deposited on the solid support, and a second metal comprising at least one of tin (Sn), rhenium (Re), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), or tungsten (W) deposited on the solid support, where the first metal and the second metal are present at a first metal to second metal mass ratio between about 1.0:2.0 and about 1.0:0.5.

A closed-loop system and methods for the remediation of an aqueous solution comprising a polychlorinated biphenyl employing carbon modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles having a Ti:C atomic ratio of 3:1 to 6:1 and a bandgap energy of 1.4-2.0 eV as photocatalysts.

A closed-loop system and methods for the remediation of an aqueous solution comprising a polychlorinated biphenyl employing carbon modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles having a Ti:C atomic ratio of 3:1 to 6:1 and a bandgap energy of 1.4-2.0 eV as photocatalysts.

The present invention relates to a carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst and a preparation method therefor, and more particularly, to a catalyst synthesis method in which, when preparing a high-content precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, a catalyst having uniform particles and composition can be prepared, and cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) is efficiently produced by the hydrogenation reaction of cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (CHDA) in an aqueous solution. Provided is a method for preparing a carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, wherein, in the carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, the precious metal is included in an amount of 10-20 parts by weight, and the transition metal is included in an amount of 10-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite catalyst, and thus a total amount of the precious metal-transition metal is 20-40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite catalyst.

The present invention relates to a carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst and a preparation method therefor, and more particularly, to a catalyst synthesis method in which, when preparing a high-content precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, a catalyst having uniform particles and composition can be prepared, and cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) is efficiently produced by the hydrogenation reaction of cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (CHDA) in an aqueous solution. Provided is a method for preparing a carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, wherein, in the carbon-based precious metal-transition metal composite catalyst, the precious metal is included in an amount of 10-20 parts by weight, and the transition metal is included in an amount of 10-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite catalyst, and thus a total amount of the precious metal-transition metal is 20-40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite catalyst.

A method of making a multicomponent photocatalyst, includes inducing precipitation from a pre-cursor solution comprising a pre-cursor of a plasmonic material and a pre-cursor of a reactive component to form co-precipitated particles; collecting the co-precipitated particles; and annealing the co-precipitated particles to form the multicomponent photocatalyst comprising a reactive component optically, thermally, or electronically coupled to a plasmonic material.