The invention has as its object a catalyst that comprises a substrate based on alumina or silica or silica-alumina, at least one element from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB, and an organic compound of formula (I)

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in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected from among a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl radical, or a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, and R6 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, a methacryloyl radical, an acryloyl radical or an acetyl radical. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking.

The present invention relates to a synthesis method of N-substituted maleimides using a non-homogeneous solid acid catalyst, and particularly, a synthesis method of N-substituted maleimides with high synthesis yield by using a zirconium(IV) hydrogen phosphate as a catalyst, by which, the loss of the catalyst is minimized, the separation and recovering processes of the catalyst are simplified, in case when the activity of the separated and recovered catalyst is decreased, the complete regeneration of the catalyst is possible via washing or firing, and solvents that could be used during a washing process of the catalyst are not limited.

The present invention aims to provide a regeneration method capable of sufficiently restoring the catalytic performance of a solid catalyst used in a dehydration reaction of lactic acid and derivatives thereof. The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a solid catalyst used in a dehydration reaction of lactic acid and derivatives of lactic acid, the method including a contacting step of bringing a solid catalyst containing a component that forms a molten salt in the presence of steam into contact with oxygen and steam under pressure.

A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.

Provided is a method of reactivating a used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment, capable of improving the catalytic activity of the used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment that is obtained by supporting a catalyst component on a titania support and exhibits reduced catalytic activity after having been used for hydrogenation treatment of a hydrocarbon oil, to a level comparable to that of a newly prepared fresh titania catalyst before use. The method of reactivating a used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment, the used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment being obtained by supporting a catalyst component on a titania support and exhibiting reduced catalytic activity after having been used for hydrogenation treatment of a hydrocarbon oil, includes: a coke removal step of removing a carbonaceous component on a surface of the used catalyst by heating the catalyst in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere; an impregnation step of impregnating the carbonaceous component-removed catalyst obtained by the coke removal step with a saccharide-containing solution; and a drying step of drying the saccharide-impregnated catalyst obtained by the impregnation step, to obtain a catalyst in which a saccharide is supported.

Provided is a method of reactivating a used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment, capable of improving the catalytic activity of the used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment that is obtained by supporting a catalyst component on a titania support and exhibits reduced catalytic activity after having been used for hydrogenation treatment of a hydrocarbon oil, to a level comparable to that of a newly prepared fresh titania catalyst before use. The method of reactivating a used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment, the used titania catalyst for hydrogenation treatment being obtained by supporting a catalyst component on a titania support and exhibiting reduced catalytic activity after having been used for hydrogenation treatment of a hydrocarbon oil, includes: a coke removal step of removing a carbonaceous component on a surface of the used catalyst by heating the catalyst in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere; an impregnation step of impregnating the carbonaceous component-removed catalyst obtained by the coke removal step with a saccharide-containing solution; and a drying step of drying the saccharide-impregnated catalyst obtained by the impregnation step, to obtain a catalyst in which a saccharide is supported.

A regenerated spent hydroprocessing catalyst treated with a chelating agent and having incorporated therein a polar additive.

One or more embodiments relate to a CEM having a hierarchical, interconnected, 3D network of thin, crumpled, graphene sheets, wherein the graphene sheets have irregularly shaped, micro-, macro- and meso-scale pore structures, where the CEM material has a BET SSA between approximately 1400 m.sup.2 g.sup.1 and approximately 2200 m.sup.2 g.sup.1, and where the CEM has a Raman I.sub.D/I.sub.G intensity ratio between approximately 0.05 to approximately 1.2, and a Raman I.sub.2D/I.sub.G intensity ratio between approximately 0.4 and approximately 0.8, and supercapacitors using the CEM as electrodes.

One or more embodiments relate to a method for making carbon electrode material (CEM) having the steps: dispersing a carbon feedstock within a catalyst, thereby forming a mixture, wherein the catalyst is made up of particles; melting the carbon feedstock that is dispersed within the catalyst, thereby liquifying the carbon feedstock that coats catalyst particles and infiltrates spaces between the catalyst particles; carbonizing the melted carbon feedstock, thereby forming an interconnected 3D network of carbon nanosheets; converting the carbon nanosheets into graphene nanosheets; washing the graphene nanosheets, thereby forming the CEM; recovering and regenerating the catalyst. Further embodiments relate to repeating the method using recovered and regenerated catalyst.

One or more embodiments relate to a method for making carbon electrode material (CEM) having the steps: dispersing a carbon feedstock within a catalyst, thereby forming a mixture, wherein the catalyst is made up of particles; melting the carbon feedstock that is dispersed within the catalyst, thereby liquifying the carbon feedstock that coats catalyst particles and infiltrates spaces between the catalyst particles; carbonizing the melted carbon feedstock, thereby forming an interconnected 3D network of carbon nanosheets; converting the carbon nanosheets into graphene nanosheets; washing the graphene nanosheets, thereby forming the CEM; recovering and regenerating the catalyst. Further embodiments relate to repeating the method using recovered and regenerated catalyst.