A high-efficiency visible-light catalytic material, a preparation method and an application thereof are provided by the present application, relating to the technical field of photocatalytic materials. The present application prepares photocatalytic material Ag@AgCl/CA by compounding Ag@AgCl and calcium alginate gel, and the prepared photocatalytic material is shaped as small particles. The photocatalytic material Ag@AgCl/CA is used to degrade tetracycline antibiotics.

A high-efficiency visible-light catalytic material, a preparation method and an application thereof are provided by the present application, relating to the technical field of photocatalytic materials. The present application prepares photocatalytic material Ag@AgCl/CA by compounding Ag@AgCl and calcium alginate gel, and the prepared photocatalytic material is shaped as small particles. The photocatalytic material Ag@AgCl/CA is used to degrade tetracycline antibiotics.

Processes for producing an ,-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

Processes for producing an ,-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

A method of a hydrocarbon product and ammonia comprises introducing C.sub.2H.sub.6 to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprising an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10.sup.2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150 C. to about 600 C. N.sub.2 is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A system for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and NH.sub.3, and an electrochemical cell are also described.

A method of a hydrocarbon product and ammonia comprises introducing C.sub.2H.sub.6 to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprising an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10.sup.2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150 C. to about 600 C. N.sub.2 is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A system for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and NH.sub.3, and an electrochemical cell are also described.

The present invention relates to the process for the scalable production of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4/Fe, Sn & Zn doped graphene nanosheets from a naturally abundant seaweed resources such as Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wighti, Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The granules remained after the recovery of liquid juice from the fresh seaweeds were utilized as a raw material and a deep eutectic solvents (DESs) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and FeCl.sub.3, ZnCl.sub.2 and SnCl.sub.2 were employed as template as well as catalyst for the production graphene nanosheets functionalized with metals. Pyrolysis of the mixture of seaweed granules and DES at 700-900 C. under 95% N.sub.2 and 5% H.sub.2 atmosphere resulted formation of metal doped graphene sheets with high surface area (120-225 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1) and high electrical conductivity 2384 mS.Math.m.sup.1 to 2400 mS.Math.m.sup.1. The nanosheets thus obtained could remove substantial amount of fluoride from fluoride contaminated drinking water (95-98%).

The present invention relates to the process for the scalable production of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4/Fe, Sn & Zn doped graphene nanosheets from a naturally abundant seaweed resources such as Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wighti, Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The granules remained after the recovery of liquid juice from the fresh seaweeds were utilized as a raw material and a deep eutectic solvents (DESs) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and FeCl.sub.3, ZnCl.sub.2 and SnCl.sub.2 were employed as template as well as catalyst for the production graphene nanosheets functionalized with metals. Pyrolysis of the mixture of seaweed granules and DES at 700-900 C. under 95% N.sub.2 and 5% H.sub.2 atmosphere resulted formation of metal doped graphene sheets with high surface area (120-225 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1) and high electrical conductivity 2384 mS.Math.m.sup.1 to 2400 mS.Math.m.sup.1. The nanosheets thus obtained could remove substantial amount of fluoride from fluoride contaminated drinking water (95-98%).

A process for reducing the loss of catalyst activity of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst is provided. The process includes preparing a Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalyst by contacting the ZN catalyst with at least one aluminum alkyl compound to produce a reduced ZN catalyst and storing and/or transporting the reduced ZN catalyst for at least 20 days at a temperature of 25 C. or less. The reduced ZN catalyst may be used for polymerizing polyolefin polymers.

A process for reducing the loss of catalyst activity of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst is provided. The process includes preparing a Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalyst by contacting the ZN catalyst with at least one aluminum alkyl compound to produce a reduced ZN catalyst and storing and/or transporting the reduced ZN catalyst for at least 20 days at a temperature of 25 C. or less. The reduced ZN catalyst may be used for polymerizing polyolefin polymers.