An alkylation process is described. The alkylation process includes contacting a feed comprising a paraffin or an aromatic with an olefin feed in the presence of a liquid Lewis acid catalyst in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to form a reaction mixture comprising alkylation products and the liquid Lewis acid catalyst. The liquid Lewis acid catalyst is the liquid reaction product of a donor molecule and a metal halide. The alkylation products are separated from the liquid Lewis acid catalyst and recovered.

Processes for regenerating ionic liquid catalyst by contacting the ionic liquid catalyst with hydrogen gas in a regeneration reactor. The amount of hydrogen is less than 550 SCF/BBL (97.96 m.sup.3/m.sup.3) of spent ionic liquid catalyst, or less than 500 SCF/BBL (89.05 m.sup.3/m.sup.3) of spent ionic liquid catalyst, or between 550 and 45 SCF/BBL (97.96 and 8.015 m.sup.3/m.sup.3) of spent ionic liquid catalyst, or between 500 and 50 SCF/BBL (89.05 and 8.905 m.sup.3/m.sup.3) of spent ionic liquid catalyst. Alkylation processes are also disclosed.

The invention provides a process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; b) withdrawing the product stream from the oligomerization reaction zone wherein the product stream further comprises oligomerization catalyst system; c) contacting the product stream with a catalyst deactivating agent to form a deactivated product stream that contains deactivated catalyst components; and d) heating the deactivated product stream to separate one or more components from the deactivated product stream.

The invention relates to a process for separating one or more components from a mixture by a membrane separation in whichdepending on the component to be separatedan acid or a base is added to the mixture before the membrane separation.

The invention relates to a process for separating one or more components from a mixture by a membrane separation in whichdepending on the component to be separatedan acid or a base is added to the mixture before the membrane separation.

Methods of synthesizing compounds using CO.sub.2 as a directing group for CH functionalization, and compounds made thereby, are described.

The present invention provides novel solutions to the problem of recycling carbonylation catalysts in epoxide carbonylation processes. The inventive methods are characterized in that the catalyst is recovered in a form other than as active catalyst. In some embodiments, catalyst components are removed selectively from the carbonylation product stream in two or more processing steps. One or more of these separated catalyst components are then utilized to regenerate active catalyst which is utilized during another time interval to feed a continuous carbonylation reactor.

A method for separating a homogeneous catalyst from a solution includes forming a host-guest compound between a first isomer of the catalyst and inclusion compound in the solution and isolating the host-guest compound from the solution. The catalyst may be released from the inclusion compound by converting the first isomer of the catalyst to a second isomer of the catalyst.

The present invention provides novel solutions to the problem of recycling carbonylation catalysts in epoxide carbonylation processes. The inventive methods are characterized in that the catalyst is recovered in a form other than as active catalyst. In some embodiments, catalyst components are removed selectively from the carbonylation product stream in two or more processing steps. One or more of these separated catalyst components are then utilized to regenerate active catalyst which is utilized during another time interval to feed a continuous carbonylation reactor.

Disclosed herein are methods to rejuvenate a deactivated hydroformylation catalyst solution wherein the solution comprises rhodium, polydentate phosphine ligands, and polydentate phosphine ligand degradation products. In one embodiment, such methods comprise adding a peroxide to the deactivated hydroformylation catalyst solution.