The present invention is a fluids mechanical system for optimizing the catalytic effect of catalytic alloys for the elimination of microbiological contaminants in hydrocarbon fuels, that has catalytic alloy pieces mainly formed of tin and antimony, which are contained in a container that can be a metal tube, a stainless steel mesh or another type of plastic container, characterized in that the volume of the pieces or pellets of catalytic alloy is less than 60 cubic millimeters, preferably between 10 cubic millimeters and 45 cubic millimeters, the pieces having a spherical, disc or irregular shape.

A denitration catalyst for removing nitrogen oxide in an exhaust gas is represented by the following chemical formula: Ba.sub.3Y.sub.(4-x)A.sub.xO.sub.9, wherein A is an element selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sn, Ga, Mn, Ti, and Al; and X is 0.4 or more and 2 or less. A denitration device has the denitration catalyst for removing nitrogen oxide in an exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust gas generation source including a gas engine, a gas turbine, a melting furnace, or a boiler.

The invention relates to a catalyst and catalyst layer and process for preparing dimethyl ether from synthesis gas or methanol as well as the use of the catalyst or catalyst layer in this process.

The invention relates to a method of preparing titanium dioxide-coated nanostars. Titanium precursors are hydrolyzed into crystalline TiO.sub.2 polymorphs at low temperatures, allowing the delicate morphology of the nanostars to be preserved while maintaining their desirable photocatalytic properties.

Provided is a mordenite zeolite which can be produced without using an organic structure-directing agent, and has superior multivalent metal cation exchange capability. The mordenite zeolite according to the present invention containing silicon, a divalent metal M and aluminum in a skeletal structure, wherein the mordenite zeolite has the following atomic ratios in the state of Na-form. The mordenite zeolite preferably has a BET specific surface area of 250 m.sup.2/g or more and 500 m.sup.2/g or less and a micropore volume of 0.07 cc/g or more and 0.25 cc/g or less in the state of Na-form or H-form. Si/(M+Al)=5 or more and 10 or less, M/(M+Al)=0.1 or more and less than 1, and Na/(M+Al)=1 or more and less than 2.

A process for oxidizing methyl-substituted biphenyl compounds comprises contacting a mixture comprising isomers of at least one methyl-substituted biphenyl compound with a source of oxygen, wherein the mixture comprises at least 20 wt % of isomer(s) having a methyl group at a 2-position or a 3-position on at least one benzene ring and at least 50 wt % of isomer(s) having a methyl group at a 4-position on at least one benzene ring, wherein said percentages are based on the total weight of the at least one methylbiphenyl compound in the mixture.

Ebullated bed reactors may be used to synthesize olefin compositions exhibiting low sediment toxicity and favorable pour points. The olefin compositions are formed by isomerizing linear alpha olefins (LAOs) into linear internal olefins (LIOs), skeletal isomerized branched olefins, or any combination thereof. Methods for preparing olefin compositions comprising LIOs and, optionally, branched olefins may comprise: providing an olefinic feed comprising one or more LAOs, and interacting the olefinic feed with a plurality of catalyst particulates in an ebullated bed reactor to form an isomerized product. The catalyst particulates are effective to isomerize the one or more LAOs into one or more of LIOs, skeletal isomerized branched olefins, or combinations thereof. The isomerized product may be incorporated in drilling fluids, particularly those intended for subsea use, due to their favorable environmental profile and low pour points. Some catalyst particulates may produce no more branching than that present in the LAOs.

The present invention relates to a palladium-based supported hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by the following method: impregnating an Al.sub.2O.sub.3-containing carrier with an organic solution containing a bipyridine derivative having hydroxy group, optionally drying followed by impregnating with a mixed solution containing the main active component palladium ions and the auxiliary active component M.sup.n+ ions, where M is one selected from Ag, Au, Ni, Pb and Cu; and then optionally drying, and calcining to obtain the catalyst. The preparation method provided by the present invention allows Pd atoms and M atoms to be highly uniformly dispersed on the carrier, which overcomes the adverse impact of the surface tension of the impregnation solution and the solvation effect on the dispersibility of active components. The palladium-based supported hydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention has excellent hydrogenation activity, ethylene selectivity and anti-coking performance, and can be used in a selective hydrogenation process of C2 fraction.

A hydrocarbon burner for an enclosed environment includes a heat exchanger having a first heat exchanger inlet connected to an inlet of the hydrocarbon burner and a first heat exchanger outlet connected to a heater, and a second heat exchanger inlet connected to a reactor outlet and a second heat exchanger outlet connected to an outlet of the hydrocarbon burner. A reactor includes a reactor inlet, the reactor outlet, and a catalyst mixture disposed in a reactor bed between the reactor inlet and the reactor outlet. The heater connects the first heat exchanger outlet to the reactor inlet. The reactor is a low temperature reactor configured to convert at least one hydrocarbon to at least one of H2O and CO2.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrogenation of an aromatic compound, which is capable of greatly reducing the inactivation of a catalyst by using a support including a magnesium-based spinel structure, and a preparation method therefor.