Disclosed are a catalyst composite including a metal; and a nitrogen-containing porous 2D polymer carrier, and a method of manufacturing the catalyst composite. Accordingly, provided is a high-efficiency catalyst composite that does not depend on pH acid concentration using a nitrogen-containing porous two-dimensional (2D) polymer carrier and a low-cost metal.

A carbon catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery each having excellent catalytic activity and excellent durability. The carbon catalyst includes iron, exhibits a weight reduction ratio in the temperature range from 200 C. to 1,200 C. of 12.0 wt % or less measured by thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere, and has a carbon structure that exhibits, in X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of a K absorption edge of the iron, the following (a) and/or (b): (a) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,130 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more; and (b) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,135 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more.

Provided is a novel exhaust gas purification catalyst, which uses a Cu-based delafossite oxide, capable of increasing the exhaust gas purification performance compared to the case of using the Cu-based delafossite oxide alone. Proposed is an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a delafossite-type oxide represented by a general formula ABO.sub.2 and an inorganic porous material, wherein Cu is contained in the A site of the general formula of the delafossite oxide, one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Co, Ni, In, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, V, and Ti are contained in the B site thereof, and Cu is contained in 3 to 30% relative to the total content (mass) of the delafossite-type oxide and the inorganic porous material.

A titanium oxide film by continuous titanium oxide, includes a metallic compound that has a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group and is bonded to a surface of the film, in which absorption occurs at wavelengths of 450 nm and 750 nm.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid capable of exhibiting excellent activity, of enhancing the reaction efficiency and economic efficiency by using a catalyst having improved durability under the reaction conditions of high temperature and strong acid, of achieving excellent conversion rates by allowing most of reactants to participate in the reaction, and of obtaining products having high purity while minimizing by-products within a shorter period of time. The method for preparing 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid may include: reducing isophthalic acid in the presence of a metal catalyst fixed to a silica support and containing a palladium (Pd) compound and a copper (Cu) compound in a weight ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.5.

Redox catalysts having surface medication, methods of making redox catalysts with surface modification, and uses of the surface modified redox catalysts are provided. In some aspects, the redox catalysts include a core oxygen carrier region such as CaMnO.sub.3, BaMnO.sub.3-, SrMnO.sub.3-, Mn.sub.2SiO.sub.4, Mn.sub.2MgO.sub.4-, La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2O.sub.3-, La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2FeO.sub.3-, Ca.sub.9Ti.sub.0.1Mn.sub.0.9O.sub.3-, Pr.sub.6O.sub.11-, manganese ore, or a combination thereof; and an outer shell having an average thickness of about 1-100 monolayers surrounding the outer surface of the core region. The outer shell can include, for example a salt selected such as Li.sub.2WO.sub.4, Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2WO.sub.4, SrWO.sub.4, Li.sub.2MoO.sub.4, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4, K.sub.2MoO.sub.4, CsMoO.sub.4, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, or a combination thereof.

Provided is a catalyst for an electro-Fenton system. The catalyst includes one or more species of SO.sub.4.sup.2-functionalized transition metal oxide grains. Also provided is an electrode for an electro-Fenton system. The electrode includes the catalyst. Also provided is an electro-Fenton system that includes the catalyst, an electrode comprising the catalyst, and an aqueous electrolyte solution.

Provided are a carbon powder which can provide a catalyst exhibiting high performance and a catalyst. A carbon powder for fuel cell comprising carbon as a main component, which has a ratio (B/A) of an area B of peak 1 to an area A of peak 0 of more than 0 and 0.15 or less, wherein the area A represents an area of peak 0 at a position of 2=22.5 to 25 as observed by XRD analysis when the carbon powder for fuel cell is subjected to heat treatment at 1800 C. for 1 hour in an inert atmosphere, and the area B represents an area of peak 1 at a position of 2=26 as observed by XRD analysis when the carbon powder for fuel cell is subjected to heat treatment at 1800 C. for 1 hour in an inert atmosphere.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a catalyst, wherein said process comprises:(i) preparing a mixture of one or more aromatic alcohol monomers and/or non-aromatic monomers, solvent, polymerization catalyst, crosslinking agent, suspension stabilizing agent and one or more metal salts, under conditions sufficient to produce polymeric beads doped with one or more metals or salts thereof; (ii) carbonizing, activating and then reducing the polymeric beads produced in step (i) to produce metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads; (iii) subjecting the metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads produced in step (ii) to chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a carbon source to produce metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads comprising carbon nanofibers; and (iv) doping the metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads comprising carbon nanofibers produced in step (iii) with an oxidant; catalyst prepared by said process; and a process for treating waste water from an industrial process for producing propylene oxide, which process comprises subjecting the waste water to a catalytic wet oxidation treatment in the presence of said catalyst.

The parameter determination method according to the present disclosure is a parameter determination method for determining a value of a parameter that is used for a simulation of determining gas transportability in a space inside a pore and that defines a boundary condition at an interface between a wall surface and gas or ions inside the pore, the method including determining the value of a parameter that reproduces a first concentration ratio indicating a ratio of the gas or ion concentration inside the pore to the gas or ion concentration outside the pore as the value of the parameter that defines the boundary condition.