In a hydrophilic member including a structure in which a photocatalytic TiO.sub.2 layer and a porous SiO.sub.2 layer are stacked on a surface of a base material, easy forming of the porous SiO.sub.2 layer so as to be thin and have a uniform film thickness distribution that enables the porous SiO.sub.2 layer to cover an entire surface of the photocatalytic TiO.sub.2 layer, and enhancement in durability of the porous SiO.sub.2 layer are enabled. A photocatalytic TiO.sub.2 layer is formed so as to have a density of 3.33 to 3.75 g/cm.sup.3 (preferably 3.47 to 3.72 g/cm.sup.3, more preferably 3.54 to 3.68 g/cm.sup.3) on a surface of a base material. As an outermost surface layer, a porous SiO.sub.2 layer is formed on the photocatalytic TiO.sub.2 layer in such a manner that the porous SiO.sub.2 layer has a film thickness of no less than 10 nm and no more than 50 nm.

Processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems are disclosed for producing propene by at least partially isomerizing butene in an isomerization reaction zone having an isomerization catalyst to form an isomerization reaction product, at least partially metathesizing the isomerization reaction product in a metathesis reaction zone having a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesis reaction product, and at least partially cracking the metathesis reaction product in a cracking reaction zone having a cracking catalyst. The isomerization catalyst may be MgO, and the metathesis catalyst may be a mesoporous silica catalyst support impregnated with a metal oxide. The metathesis reaction zone may be downstream of the isomerization reaction zone, and the cracking reaction zone may be downstream of the metathesis reaction zone.

This disclosure describes enantiomerically enriched chiral molecular sieves and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the molecular sieves are silicates or germanosilicates of STW topology.

The precursor of a hydroprocessing catalyst is made by impregnating a metal oxide component comprising at least one metal from Group 6 of the Periodic Table and at least one metal from Groups 8-10 of the Periodic Table with an amide formed from a first organic compound containing at least one amine group, and a second organic compound containing at least one carboxylic acid group. Following impregnation heat treatment follows to form in situ generated unsaturation additional to that in the two organic compounds. The catalyst precursor is sulfided to form an active, sulfide hydroprocessing catalyst.

Isomerization processes such as the isomerization of ethylbenzene and xylenes, are catalyzed by the new crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite comprising a novel framework type that has been designated UZM-55. This zeolite is represented by the empirical formula:

M.sup.+.sub.mRAl.sub.1-xE.sub.xSi.sub.yO.sub.z

where M represents a metal or metals selected from zinc or Group 1 (IUPAC 1), Group 2 (IUPAC 2), Group 3 (IUPAC 3) or the lanthanide series of the periodic table including sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium cations, R is an organic structure directing agent or agents derived from reactants R1 and R2 such as where R1 is diisopropanolamine and R2 is a chelating diamine, and E is an element selected from the group consisting of gallium, iron, boron and mixtures thereof. Catalysts made from UZM-55 have utility in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

The catalyst for methane reformation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application comprises: a porous metal support; a first coating layer provided on the porous metal support and comprising the perovskite-based compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a second coating layer provided on the first coating layer and comprising the perovskite-based compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:

SrTiO.sub.3[Chemical Formula 1]

Sr.sub.1-xA.sub.xTi.sub.B.sub.yO.sub.3-[Chemical Formula 2] wherein all the variables are described herein.

A method of preparing a catalyst support structure for use in a catalytic reaction. According to the method, a mixed metal oxide compound which defines a crystal lattice is synthesized. Cations of at least one catalytic promoter element are dispersed within the compound and incorporated into the crystal lattice. The conditions of synthesis are preselected to inhibit destabilization of the catalyst support structure such that the structure remains stable against collapse and exsolution under reaction conditions associated with the catalytic reaction. The metal oxide compound may comprise an oxidic perovskite having the formula A(1-x)A(x)B(1-y)ByO.sub.3 wherein A and B represent metal cations and A and B represent cations of the promoter element or elements. Also provided is a catalyst support structure having cations of a promoter element incorporated into its crystal lattice. The support structure is stable against collapse and exsolution under reaction conditions.

Disclosed are catalyst compositions and their use in a process for the conversion of a feedstock containing C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to produce light aromatic products, comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite which comprises a MOR framework structure and a MFI and/or MEL framework structure, (b) at least one first metal of Group 10 of the IUPAC Periodic Table, and (c) optionally at least one second metal of Group 11 to 15 of the IUPAC Periodic Table. In one or more embodiments, the MOR framework structure comprises mordenite, preferably a mordenite zeolite having small particle size. The MFI framework structure preferably comprises ZSM-5, and the MEL framework structure preferably comprises ZSM-11.

Disclosed herein is a copper-supported zeolite containing a zeolite having a framework structure including silicon atoms, phosphorus atoms, and aluminum atoms, and copper supported on the zeolite, wherein the copper-supported zeolite satisfies (1) to (3): (1) an amount of copper (in terms of copper atoms) supported on the copper-supported zeolite is 1.5% by weight or more and 3.5% by weight or less, (2) the copper-supported zeolite has an UV-Vis-NIR absorption intensity ratio of less than 0.35 as determined by a formula (I) below: Intensity (22,000 cm.sup.?1)/Intensity (12,500 cm.sup.?1) . . . (I), and (3) a silicon atom content of the copper-supported zeolite satisfies a formula (II) below: 0.07?x?0.11 . . . . (II) where x represents a ratio of the number of moles of the silicon atoms to the total number of moles of the silicon atoms, the aluminum atoms, and the phosphorus atoms contained in the framework structure of the copper-supported zeolite.

The present invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a catalyst comprising a titanium-containing zeolite, said catalyst having been used in a process for the preparation of an olefin oxide and having phosphate deposited thereon, said process for the regeneration comprising the steps: (a) separating the reaction mixture from the catalyst, (b) washing the catalyst obtained from (a) with liquid aqueous system; (c) optionally drying the catalyst obtained from (b) in a gas stream comprising an inert gas at a temperature of less than 300? C.; (d) calcining the catalyst obtained from (c) in a gas stream comprising oxygen at a temperature of at least 300? C.