The present invention provides: an interior material having a surface layer which has visible light-responsive photocatalytic activity and which contains two types of titanium oxide microparticles, the two types of titanium oxide microparticles comprising first titanium oxide microparticles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component for enhancing visible light responsiveness (excluding iron group components) are in solid solution, and second titanium oxide microparticles, in which an iron group component is in solid solution; and a method for manufacturing the interior material. The present invention makes it possible to provide an interior material in which visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide microparticles, which make it possible to easily produce a surface layer (photocatalyst thin film) having high transparency and expressing photocatalytic activity even in response to visible light (400-800 nm) only, are applied onto a surface, whereby it is possible to obtain, under indoor illumination, excellent photocatalytic properties such as an antimicrobial property and a property of breaking down chemical substances in indoor air without adversely affecting the design quality of the article in question.

Catalysts for oxidative esterification can be used, for example, fro converting (meth)acrolein to methyl (meth)acrylate. The catalysts are especially notable for high mechanical and chemical stability even over very long time periods, including activity and/or selectivity relatively in continuous operation in media having even a small water content.

Catalysts for oxidative esterification can be used, for example, fro converting (meth)acrolein to methyl (meth)acrylate. The catalysts are especially notable for high mechanical and chemical stability even over very long time periods, including activity and/or selectivity relatively in continuous operation in media having even a small water content.

The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing micronized sandstone obtained from ceramics or industrial wastes of ceramic manufacturing, such as white paste, natural stones or clinker, including TiO.sub.2 as bio-additive, and product obtained by the micronized sandstone thereof. The ceramics and industrial wastes of ceramic are grinded in several steps and the resultant powders are collected by means of individual filters and further combined in a nanopowder micronizer for posterior treatment, where TiO.sub.2 hydrolyzed can be optionally added. This micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiO.sub.2 is used in the production of plasters, mortars, grouts and/or as additive for paints and/or epoxy enriched with TiO.sub.2. The micronized sandstone bio-additive with TiO.sub.2 can be additionally subjected to two optional embodiments of the invention: treatment with or without the use of a pigment. In order to obtain the final product that can be used in the production of blocks, floors and other products of various sizes, an agglomerating agent combined with TiO.sub.2 is added to the micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiO.sub.2, either in an aqueous solution or as a dry product, optionally including colored oxides.

The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing micronized sandstone obtained from ceramics or industrial wastes of ceramic manufacturing, such as white paste, natural stones or clinker, including TiO.sub.2 as bio-additive, and product obtained by the micronized sandstone thereof. The ceramics and industrial wastes of ceramic are grinded in several steps and the resultant powders are collected by means of individual filters and further combined in a nanopowder micronizer for posterior treatment, where TiO.sub.2 hydrolyzed can be optionally added. This micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiO.sub.2 is used in the production of plasters, mortars, grouts and/or as additive for paints and/or epoxy enriched with TiO.sub.2. The micronized sandstone bio-additive with TiO.sub.2 can be additionally subjected to two optional embodiments of the invention: treatment with or without the use of a pigment. In order to obtain the final product that can be used in the production of blocks, floors and other products of various sizes, an agglomerating agent combined with TiO.sub.2 is added to the micronized sandstone comprising the bio-additive TiO.sub.2, either in an aqueous solution or as a dry product, optionally including colored oxides.

A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.

A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions.

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions.

[1] A catalyst for synthesizing 1,3-butadiene by contact with ethanol, which comprises tungsten oxide and magnesium oxide. [2] The catalyst, wherein a mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the tungsten oxide (magnesium oxide/tungsten oxide) is 0.1 to 200. [3] The catalyst, wherein the mass ratio is at least 5. [4] The catalyst, wherein amounts of the tungsten oxide and the magnesium oxide relative to 100% by mass of the catalyst are as follows: the amount of the tungsten oxide: 0.1 to 90% by mass; and the amount of the magnesium oxide: 10 to 90% by mass.