A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed under fluid catalytic cracking conditions includes adding FCC compatible inorganic particles having a first particle type including one or more boron oxide components and a first matrix component into a FCC unit and adding cracking microspheres having a second particle type including a second matrix component, a phosphorus component and 20% to 95% by weight of a zeolite component into the FCC unit.

The invention relates to a method for producing a metal-foam body, comprising the steps of (a) providing a metal-foam body A, which consists of nickel, cobalt, copper, or alloys or combinations thereof, (b) applying an aluminum-containing material MP to metal-foam body A so as to obtain metal-foam body AX, (c) thermally treating of metal-foam body AX, with the exclusion of oxygen, to achieve the formation of an alloy between the metallic components of metal-foam body A and the aluminum-containing material MP so as to obtain metal-foam body B, wherein the duration of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the temperature of the thermal treatment and the temperature of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the thickness of the metal-foam body AX. The invention also relates to the metal-foam bodies obtainable by the methods according to the invention and to the use thereof as catalysts for chemical transformations.

The invention relates to a method for producing a metal-foam body, comprising the steps of (a) providing a metal-foam body A, which consists of nickel, cobalt, copper, or alloys or combinations thereof, (b) applying an aluminum-containing material MP to metal-foam body A so as to obtain metal-foam body AX, (c) thermally treating of metal-foam body AX, with the exclusion of oxygen, to achieve the formation of an alloy between the metallic components of metal-foam body A and the aluminum-containing material MP so as to obtain metal-foam body B, wherein the duration of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the temperature of the thermal treatment and the temperature of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the thickness of the metal-foam body AX. The invention also relates to the metal-foam bodies obtainable by the methods according to the invention and to the use thereof as catalysts for chemical transformations.

A silica-alumina based composite material for making hydroprocessing catalysts, is disclosed. The silica-alumina composite material generally comprises at least two silica-aluminas, the first being a modified first silica-alumina, and the second being a second silica-alumina that is unmodified or modified. The first silica-alumina is modified to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The second silica-alumina may also be modified at the same time or separately to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The first silica-alumina and the second silica-alumina differ in one or more physical and/or chemical characteristics, e.g., the ratio of silica to alumina, surface area, pore size, pore volume, silica domain size, or alumina domain size. The invention can be used for making catalyst base materials and catalysts useful for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce fuels, lubricants, chemicals and other hydrocarbonaceous compositions.

A silica-alumina based composite material for making hydroprocessing catalysts, is disclosed. The silica-alumina composite material generally comprises at least two silica-aluminas, the first being a modified first silica-alumina, and the second being a second silica-alumina that is unmodified or modified. The first silica-alumina is modified to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The second silica-alumina may also be modified at the same time or separately to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The first silica-alumina and the second silica-alumina differ in one or more physical and/or chemical characteristics, e.g., the ratio of silica to alumina, surface area, pore size, pore volume, silica domain size, or alumina domain size. The invention can be used for making catalyst base materials and catalysts useful for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce fuels, lubricants, chemicals and other hydrocarbonaceous compositions.

A method for in-situ generation of nanoflower-like manganese dioxide catalyst on filter material is provided. The method comprises: immersing a filter material in a solution containing sodium lauryl sulfate and nitric acid; first modifying the surface of the filter material by using the sodium lauryl sulfate so that a charge layer is wound around the surface of the filter material and tightly absorbs H.sup.+ in an acid solution; and then adding potassium permanganate as an oxidant to react with H.sup.30 on the surface of the filter material to generate nano flower-like manganese dioxide in situ on the surface of the filter material, so as to obtain a composite filter material having a denitration function.

A method for in-situ generation of nanoflower-like manganese dioxide catalyst on filter material is provided. The method comprises: immersing a filter material in a solution containing sodium lauryl sulfate and nitric acid; first modifying the surface of the filter material by using the sodium lauryl sulfate so that a charge layer is wound around the surface of the filter material and tightly absorbs H.sup.+ in an acid solution; and then adding potassium permanganate as an oxidant to react with H.sup.30 on the surface of the filter material to generate nano flower-like manganese dioxide in situ on the surface of the filter material, so as to obtain a composite filter material having a denitration function.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a gold nanoparticle superlattice embedded in hierarchical porous silica and a method for manufacturing the same. The catalyst composition comprising a gold nanoparticle superlattice embedded in hierarchical porous silica according to the present invention comprises micropores and mesopores in the superlattice, so that these pores are channelized to allow the rapid access of reactants to surfaces of gold nanoparticles, and the catalyst composition is very structurally stable and has excellent catalytic activity, and thus has an effect of exhibiting a CO conversion rate of 100% at room temperature.

A catalytic carbon capture material is provided. The catalytic carbon capture material includes a microporous polymer including a Tröger's base moiety, and a transition metal is coordinated within the microporous polymer. The catalytic carbon capture material selectively captures carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and also is a catalyst that simultaneously converts the captured carbon dioxide into one or more carbon dioxide-based products. A method of making the catalytic carbon capture material and a method of selective carbon dioxide capture and conversion are also provided.

A catalytic carbon capture material is provided. The catalytic carbon capture material includes a microporous polymer including a Tröger's base moiety, and a transition metal is coordinated within the microporous polymer. The catalytic carbon capture material selectively captures carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and also is a catalyst that simultaneously converts the captured carbon dioxide into one or more carbon dioxide-based products. A method of making the catalytic carbon capture material and a method of selective carbon dioxide capture and conversion are also provided.