An oxygen storage material including a ceria-zirconia based composite oxide containing a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia, wherein the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide comprises at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, yttrium, and neodymium, and an amount of the rare-earth element(s) contained in total is 1 to 10% by atom in terms of element relative to a total amount of cerium and zirconium in the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide, 60 to 85% by atom of the entire amount of the rare-earth element(s) is contained in a near-surface upper-layer region extending from a surface of each primary particle of the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide to a depth of 50 nm in the primary particle, and 15 to 40% by atom of the entire amount of the rare-earth element(s) is contained in a near-surface lower-layer region extending from a depth of 50 nm to a depth of 100 nm in the primary particle, a content ratio of cerium and zirconium in the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide is in a range of 40:60 to 60:40 in terms of an atomic ratio ([Ce]:[Zr]), and the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide has an intensity ratio {I(14/29) value} between a diffraction line at 2θ=14.5° and a diffraction line at 2θ=29° which satisfies the following condition:
I(14/29) value≥0.032,
where the intensity ratio {I(14/29) value} is determined from an X-ray diffraction pattern using CuKα obtained by an X-ray diffraction measurement conducted after heating in air under a temperature condition of 1100° C. for 5 hours.

Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

A method of purifying air polluted by smoke and fumes, such as from wildfires and other hazard, may deploy a series of fluid filled vessels that act as filters to trap and/or neutralize components that would foul an aqueous suspension of gold nanoparticles that is effective in converting toxic carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Non-toxic fluids may be used. As the gold nanoparticles are effective in a basic solution, the solution may contain a visible pH indicator or an apparatus that deploys the method may continuously monitor the pH thereof.

A washing device includes executors for executing a normal washing step and a reverse washing step before executing a plate opening step and a cake peeling step. The normal washing step is a step for supplying a washing water to a filter chamber, allowing the washing water to pass through a cake, and then discharging the washing water from filtrate discharge outlets. The reverse washing step is a step for supplying a washing water from the filtrate discharge outlet(s) to the filter chamber, allowing the washing water to pass through the cake, and then discharging the washing water from the filtrate discharge outlet(s) which are different from the filtrate discharge outlet(s) from which the washing water is supplied. The thickness of the electrode catalyst precursor-containing cake at the time of the injection step is adjusted to that of a range that has been previously and experimentally determined.

A catalyst structure for synthesis gas production of a synthesis gas that contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the catalyst structure being provided with a carrier that has a porous structure, while being configured from a zeolite type compound; first catalyst particles that contain one or more iron group elements which are selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co); and second catalyst particles that contain one or more platinum group elements which are selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). The catalyst structure for synthesis gas production has passages in communication with each other within the carrier. The first catalyst particles are present at least in the passages of the carrier; and the second catalyst particles are present at least either inside the carrier or on the outer surface of the carrier.

A catalyst structure for synthesis gas production of a synthesis gas that contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the catalyst structure being provided with a carrier that has a porous structure, while being configured from a zeolite type compound; first catalyst particles that contain one or more iron group elements which are selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co); and second catalyst particles that contain one or more platinum group elements which are selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). The catalyst structure for synthesis gas production has passages in communication with each other within the carrier. The first catalyst particles are present at least in the passages of the carrier; and the second catalyst particles are present at least either inside the carrier or on the outer surface of the carrier.

The structured catalyst for oxidation for exhaust gas purification includes a support having a porous structure constituted by a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of oxidation catalyst that is present in the support and selected from the group consisting of metal and metal oxide, the support having channels that communicate with each other, and the oxidation catalyst being present in at least the channels of the support.

A preparation method for a highly chlorine- and water-resistant catalyst is provided. A mixture of at least one of SnO.sub.2, GeO.sub.2, and MoO.sub.2 with CeO.sub.2 is used as a catalyst support, face-centered cubic ruthenium oxide is used as an active component, and the catalyst with excellent chlorine- and water-resistance is prepared through selective adsorption regulation, which can realize safe and efficient purification of chlorine-containing organic waste gas at temperatures below 250° C.

A preparation method for a highly chlorine- and water-resistant catalyst is provided. A mixture of at least one of SnO.sub.2, GeO.sub.2, and MoO.sub.2 with CeO.sub.2 is used as a catalyst support, face-centered cubic ruthenium oxide is used as an active component, and the catalyst with excellent chlorine- and water-resistance is prepared through selective adsorption regulation, which can realize safe and efficient purification of chlorine-containing organic waste gas at temperatures below 250° C.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.