In the present disclosure, a composite oxide catalyst capable of effectively suppressing side reactions at the time of dehydrogenation of C4 hydrocarbons having single bonds or one double bond and a process for preparing butadiene, in particular 1,3-butadiene, with a high selectivity and a high yield using the same are described.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a platinum atom. The platinum atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the platinum atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a platinum atom. The platinum atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the platinum atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to a nitrogen atom of a secondary amine functional group comprising a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. The organometallic moieties may comprise a hafnium atom that is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the secondary amine functional group. The nitrogen atom of the secondary amine function group may bridge the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to a nitrogen atom of a secondary amine functional group comprising a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. The organometallic moieties may comprise a hafnium atom that is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the secondary amine functional group. The nitrogen atom of the secondary amine function group may bridge the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

The present invention relates to an improved catalyst on the basis of a shaped catalyst body for hydrogenating carbonyl groups in organic compounds under the effect of acids and water, characterized in that the shaped catalyst body contains copper in an amount of 17.5 to 34.5 wt. %, relative to the shaped catalyst body and the copper is present in the shaped catalyst body to at least 70% in the form of a copper spinel CuAl.sub.2O.sub.4. The invention also relates to the production of the catalyst an to the use of same in the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds in the presence of acids and/or water.

The present invention relates to an improved catalyst on the basis of a shaped catalyst body for hydrogenating carbonyl groups in organic compounds under the effect of acids and water, characterized in that the shaped catalyst body contains copper in an amount of 17.5 to 34.5 wt. %, relative to the shaped catalyst body and the copper is present in the shaped catalyst body to at least 70% in the form of a copper spinel CuAl.sub.2O.sub.4. The invention also relates to the production of the catalyst an to the use of same in the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds in the presence of acids and/or water.

Described is a catalyst for preparing hydrogen peroxide by an anthraquinone process and for regenerating a working solution and a method of preparing the catalyst. The catalyst contains palladium, magnesium, and cerium components uniformly distributed in alumina. Alternatively, the catalyst contains a palladium component distributed in a ring shape in an alumina sphere and magnesium and cerium components uniformly distributed in the alumina.