A hydrogenation catalyst provided in the present application includes a carrier, an active component and an auxiliary agent, in which the carrier has a directional honeycomb pore structure, an average pore size of the honeycomb pore is 5 to 20 m; and the active component and the auxiliary agent are loaded on an outer surface of the carrier and an inner wall of the honeycomb pore, and a catalytic layer is formed on the outer surface of the carrier and the inner wall of the honeycomb pore, and a thickness of the catalytic layer is 30 to 100 nm.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with iron nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and , the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/>D0.25 d.sub.p/. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The invention relates to CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 for catalyzing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH.sub.4 (CH.sub.4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 toward CH.sub.4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO.sub.2 splitting.

The invention relates to CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 for catalyzing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH.sub.4 (CH.sub.4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 toward CH.sub.4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO.sub.2 splitting.

The present disclosure provides an oxygen-generating composition comprising an oxygen source and a mixed-metal oxide of formula: (Fe,Mg)O.

The present disclosure provides an oxygen-generating composition comprising an oxygen source and a mixed-metal oxide of formula: (Fe,Mg)O.

A method for preparing a supported catalyst, including mixing waste lithium battery cathode material and biomass uniformly to obtain a mixture, then putting the mixture into a tube furnace for nitrogen purging, and then heating and calcining to obtain a solid sample after carbothermal reduction treatment; hydrothermal stirring the solid sample, followed by filtration to recover a residue, and drying the residue to obtain a mixed sample of Co.sub.3O.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, and biochar, labeled as TCO; ultrasonically dispersing the attapulgite in an acid solution, stirring in a water bath at 80 C. to obtain a product, washing the product until neutral, filtering, and then drying to obtain an acidified attapulgite (H-ATP); and weighing the TCO, ultrasonically dispersing the TCO in a mixed solution of deionized water and N, N dimethylformamide (DMF), adding the H-ATP into the mixed solution, and performing a microwave hydrothermal reaction, obtaining a sample after centrifuging, washing, and drying, and then performing muffle calcination on the sample to obtain the supported catalyst Co.sub.3(Ti)O.sub.4/H-ATP.

A method for preparing a supported catalyst, including mixing waste lithium battery cathode material and biomass uniformly to obtain a mixture, then putting the mixture into a tube furnace for nitrogen purging, and then heating and calcining to obtain a solid sample after carbothermal reduction treatment; hydrothermal stirring the solid sample, followed by filtration to recover a residue, and drying the residue to obtain a mixed sample of Co.sub.3O.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, and biochar, labeled as TCO; ultrasonically dispersing the attapulgite in an acid solution, stirring in a water bath at 80 C. to obtain a product, washing the product until neutral, filtering, and then drying to obtain an acidified attapulgite (H-ATP); and weighing the TCO, ultrasonically dispersing the TCO in a mixed solution of deionized water and N, N dimethylformamide (DMF), adding the H-ATP into the mixed solution, and performing a microwave hydrothermal reaction, obtaining a sample after centrifuging, washing, and drying, and then performing muffle calcination on the sample to obtain the supported catalyst Co.sub.3(Ti)O.sub.4/H-ATP.

Processes of preparing freeze-dried co-catalyst compositions are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the process includes mixing an organoaluminum compound with a modifier at low temperature to provide a modified co-catalyst composition. The process further includes further cooling the modified co-catalyst composition under reduced pressure, to provide a freeze-dried co-catalyst composition. Processes of preparing freeze-dried catalyst compositions, processes of preparing catalyst compositions, freeze-dried co-catalyst compositions, freeze-dried catalyst compositions, catalyst compositions, and processes of preparing -olefins are also provided.

Processes of preparing freeze-dried co-catalyst compositions are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the process includes mixing an organoaluminum compound with a modifier at low temperature to provide a modified co-catalyst composition. The process further includes further cooling the modified co-catalyst composition under reduced pressure, to provide a freeze-dried co-catalyst composition. Processes of preparing freeze-dried catalyst compositions, processes of preparing catalyst compositions, freeze-dried co-catalyst compositions, freeze-dried catalyst compositions, catalyst compositions, and processes of preparing -olefins are also provided.