The invention provides a process for regenerating a catalyst used for the ring hydrogenation of an aromatic species, especially an aromatic ester, wherein a gas stream containing a particular amount of oxygen is used for the regeneration.

A method is disclosed for rejuvenation a cobalt Fischer Tropsch catalyst used in a Fischer Tropsch process operating in recycle mode. The method permits the use of specific inert gases to adjust the mole weight of the gas so that the recycle compressor designed for normal steady state operation can also be used in the method. Hydrogen from a membrane permeate stream is added to the reactor loop at a temperature between 300 F and 400 F and the carbon oxides are reacted out to purify the hydrogen. This stream is continuously recycled and the temperature is raised to between 425 F and 500 F and held at the final temperature for between 4 hours and 48 hours. The cobalt Fischer Tropsch catalyst is effectively rejuvenated in-situ by the method.

A method is disclosed for rejuvenation a cobalt Fischer Tropsch catalyst used in a Fischer Tropsch process operating in recycle mode. The method permits the use of specific inert gases to adjust the mole weight of the gas so that the recycle compressor designed for normal steady state operation can also be used in the method. Hydrogen from a membrane permeate stream is added to the reactor loop at a temperature between 300 F and 400 F and the carbon oxides are reacted out to purify the hydrogen. This stream is continuously recycled and the temperature is raised to between 425 F and 500 F and held at the final temperature for between 4 hours and 48 hours. The cobalt Fischer Tropsch catalyst is effectively rejuvenated in-situ by the method.

The invention relates to a method of regenerating the catalytic activity of a spent catalyst comprising nickel on a refractory oxide support, said method comprising the steps of contacting the spent catalyst with a nitric acid solution, heat-treating the spent catalyst, calcining and reducing the catalyst.

The invention relates to a method of regenerating the catalytic activity of a spent catalyst comprising nickel on a refractory oxide support, said method comprising the steps of contacting the spent catalyst with a nitric acid solution, heat-treating the spent catalyst, calcining and reducing the catalyst.

A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.

A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.

The presently disclosed embodiments relate to the utilization of coal-derived fine mineral matter in chemical recycling of plastics or of solid mixed plastic waste. The instantly disclosed mineral based catalyst benefits the processes of catalytic cracking, gasification and steam reforming to maximize carbon utilization and production of plastics of original quality from recycled or renewable feedstocks while reducing the plastic pollution in the environment. The catalyst can be based on inorganic fine mineral matter, a natural ancient mineral mixture found in coal deposits and containing a plurality of transition metals, such as iron, copper, and manganese, as well as calcium, barium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, which can act as co-catalysts. Addition of the catalyst can convert plastic to syngas at a faction of the energy of conventional technologies.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.