The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

An impregnated and activated ion exchange material prepared by a process is provided that includes: impregnating an ion exchange precursor material, wherein impregnation of the ion exchange precursor material includes reacting the ion exchange precursor material with an impregnator solution, thereby increasing the surface area and the hydrophilicity of the ion exchange precursor material; activating the impregnated ion exchange precursor material to increase the porosity of the impregnated ion exchange precursor material, wherein the ion exchange precursor material comprises at least one of nonmetallic printed (NMP) circuit board, amorphous aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof. In other aspects, a method for fabricating an ion exchanger and a method for removing heavy metal ions from a solution are provided.

An impregnated and activated ion exchange material prepared by a process is provided that includes: impregnating an ion exchange precursor material, wherein impregnation of the ion exchange precursor material includes reacting the ion exchange precursor material with an impregnator solution, thereby increasing the surface area and the hydrophilicity of the ion exchange precursor material; activating the impregnated ion exchange precursor material to increase the porosity of the impregnated ion exchange precursor material, wherein the ion exchange precursor material comprises at least one of nonmetallic printed (NMP) circuit board, amorphous aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof. In other aspects, a method for fabricating an ion exchanger and a method for removing heavy metal ions from a solution are provided.

Provided is an adsorbent for removing histones from a liquid derived from a living-organism, including a water-insoluble carrier and a biocompatible polymer. The carrier has activated carbon, a polyester, a polysulfone, or a cationic functional group. Also provided is a device for purifying a liquid derived from a living-organism to remove histones from a liquid derived from a living-organism, which has a housing equipped with an inlet and an outlet for the liquid derived from the living-organism and the above-described adsorbent housed in the housing. The liquid derived from the living-organism is moved through the housing of device for purifying the liquid derived from the living-organism to remove histones from the liquid derived from the living-organism.

Provided is an adsorbent for removing histones from a liquid derived from a living-organism, including a water-insoluble carrier and a biocompatible polymer. The carrier has activated carbon, a polyester, a polysulfone, or a cationic functional group. Also provided is a device for purifying a liquid derived from a living-organism to remove histones from a liquid derived from a living-organism, which has a housing equipped with an inlet and an outlet for the liquid derived from the living-organism and the above-described adsorbent housed in the housing. The liquid derived from the living-organism is moved through the housing of device for purifying the liquid derived from the living-organism to remove histones from the liquid derived from the living-organism.

Methods and materials for determining the affinity of separation materials for targeted species are described. A composite separation medium is described that combines a separation material such as an ion exchange material or a sorbent with an SERS substrate. Methods and materials can be utilized to determine the distribution coefficient of a species for a separation material after running a single separation protocol followed by examination of the separation material of the protocol according to SERS. Disclosed methods can be utilized to determine the affinity of existing separation materials for targeted species as well as to determine the affinity of newly engineered separation materials to characterize species.

Methods and materials for determining the affinity of separation materials for targeted species are described. A composite separation medium is described that combines a separation material such as an ion exchange material or a sorbent with an SERS substrate. Methods and materials can be utilized to determine the distribution coefficient of a species for a separation material after running a single separation protocol followed by examination of the separation material of the protocol according to SERS. Disclosed methods can be utilized to determine the affinity of existing separation materials for targeted species as well as to determine the affinity of newly engineered separation materials to characterize species.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and equipment to make lithium hydroxide from lithium salts.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and equipment to make lithium hydroxide from lithium salts.