A method for producing a purified fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion, which includes: (A) bringing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion obtained using a hydrocarbon surfactant into contact with an anion exchange resin A or a synthetic adsorbent. The anion exchange resin A has an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A1):

—N+R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3X—

wherein each of R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is an organic group having 3 or more carbon atoms; and X is a counter ion; or an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A2):

—NR.sup.4R.sup.5

wherein each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms.

A method for producing a purified fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion, which includes: (A) bringing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion obtained using a hydrocarbon surfactant into contact with an anion exchange resin A or a synthetic adsorbent. The anion exchange resin A has an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A1):

—N+R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3X—

wherein each of R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is an organic group having 3 or more carbon atoms; and X is a counter ion; or an ion-exchange group represented by the following general formula (A2):

—NR.sup.4R.sup.5

wherein each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms.

Hypochlorite salts and substantially dehydrated acid-form cation exchange resin beads are combined at specified ratios within a porous enclosure such as a pouch or sachet. Hypochlorous acid solutions are produced on demand by introducing the mixture-containing pouch into a chemical excess of water. Spontaneous exchange reactions occur at room temperature within a few minutes to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid, while the cations from the hypochlorite salt are simultaneously sequestered by the resin beads. The resin beads remain contained within the original porous enclosure to allow mechanical isolation or separation from the resulting solution.

Hypochlorite salts and substantially dehydrated acid-form cation exchange resin beads are combined at specified ratios within a porous enclosure such as a pouch or sachet. Hypochlorous acid solutions are produced on demand by introducing the mixture-containing pouch into a chemical excess of water. Spontaneous exchange reactions occur at room temperature within a few minutes to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid, while the cations from the hypochlorite salt are simultaneously sequestered by the resin beads. The resin beads remain contained within the original porous enclosure to allow mechanical isolation or separation from the resulting solution.

The present invention provides a particulate cobalt ion adsorbent which has a high adsorption capacity. A particulate cobalt ion adsorbent which contains potassium hydrogen dititanate hydrate represented by chemical formula K.sub.2-XH.sub.xO.2TiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2O (wherein x is 0.5 or more and 1.3 or less, and n is greater than 0), and no binder, wherein the particulate cobalt ion adsorbent has a particle size range of 150 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

The present invention provides a particulate cobalt ion adsorbent which has a high adsorption capacity. A particulate cobalt ion adsorbent which contains potassium hydrogen dititanate hydrate represented by chemical formula K.sub.2-XH.sub.xO.2TiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2O (wherein x is 0.5 or more and 1.3 or less, and n is greater than 0), and no binder, wherein the particulate cobalt ion adsorbent has a particle size range of 150 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

A nanocomposite composition for controlling water hardness and a method of producing the nanocomposite, is disclosed. The nanocomposite composition comprises a plurality of semi-interpenetrating polymer network/zeolite-silver nanocomposite, including a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is dispersed with a plurality of zeolite nanoparticles and a plurality of silver nanoparticles. The method of producing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks/zeolite-silver nanocomposite as hydrogel form comprises microemulsion polymerization of monomeric mixture uses methyl methacrylate (MMA) in presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) cross-linker for MMA monomer, acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and linear poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) monomers in the presence of N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) cross-linker and TX-100 surfactant. Further, the prepared nanocomposite is a water hardness removal filter and an efficient inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria nanocomposite. Also, the water filter cartridge exhibits a stable filtration performance during large scale production with reduced fluctuation infiltration flow rate and shows highly stable behaviors in high salt concentration.

A nanocomposite composition for controlling water hardness and a method of producing the nanocomposite, is disclosed. The nanocomposite composition comprises a plurality of semi-interpenetrating polymer network/zeolite-silver nanocomposite, including a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is dispersed with a plurality of zeolite nanoparticles and a plurality of silver nanoparticles. The method of producing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks/zeolite-silver nanocomposite as hydrogel form comprises microemulsion polymerization of monomeric mixture uses methyl methacrylate (MMA) in presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) cross-linker for MMA monomer, acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and linear poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) monomers in the presence of N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) cross-linker and TX-100 surfactant. Further, the prepared nanocomposite is a water hardness removal filter and an efficient inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria nanocomposite. Also, the water filter cartridge exhibits a stable filtration performance during large scale production with reduced fluctuation infiltration flow rate and shows highly stable behaviors in high salt concentration.

Metal organic resins, composite materials composed of the metal organic resins, and anion exchange columns packed with the composite materials are provided. Also provided are methods of using the composite materials to remove metal anions from a sample, methods of using the metal organic resins as fluorescence sensors for detecting metal anions in a sample, and methods of making the metal organic resins and the composite materials. The metal organic resins are amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their associated counter anions. The composite materials are composed of metal organic resin particles coated with organic polymers, such as alginic acid polymers.

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for separators in electrochemical devices and methods for making same are disclosed herein. AEMs include chloromethylated SEBS triblock copolymer functionalized with TRIS cations and chloromethylated QPEK-C functionalized with TMA cations. Composite AEMs further include metal oxide fillers. Reinforced AEMs and reinforced composite AEMs further include a reinforcement material base.