A method for modifying a polymer carrier material for use as a stationary phase in an analytical or preparative separating method, the method comprising the steps of: providing a polymer carrier material, which is at least partly formed of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds comprising at least two vinyl or allyl substituents; producing hydroxy groups on/in the polymer carrier material by a method comprising an oxidative treatment of the polymer carrier material and a subsequent reductive or hydrolytic treatment of the reaction product; reacting the product from the previous step with a polyfunctional compound. The invention also relates to a polymer carrier material for use as a stationary phase in an analytical or preparative separating method, in particular a chromatography method, produced according to a method according to the invention.

A method for modifying a polymer carrier material for use as a stationary phase in an analytical or preparative separating method, the method comprising the steps of: providing a polymer carrier material, which is at least partly formed of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds comprising at least two vinyl or allyl substituents; producing hydroxy groups on/in the polymer carrier material by a method comprising an oxidative treatment of the polymer carrier material and a subsequent reductive or hydrolytic treatment of the reaction product; reacting the product from the previous step with a polyfunctional compound. The invention also relates to a polymer carrier material for use as a stationary phase in an analytical or preparative separating method, in particular a chromatography method, produced according to a method according to the invention.

The specification relates to a process for preparation of a compound of Formula (II), the process involving the step of reacting a compound of Formula (I), in a solvent, in the presence of a solid supported acid catalyst to form the compound of Formula (II), where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and are as described herein.

##STR00001##

The specification relates to a process for preparation of a compound of Formula (II), the process involving the step of reacting a compound of Formula (I), in a solvent, in the presence of a solid supported acid catalyst to form the compound of Formula (II), where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and are as described herein.

##STR00001##

Provided is a particulate composition comprising a collection of resin beads and LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2O, wherein n is 0 to 10, wherein X is a halogen, wherein the resin beads contain polymer having 0.5 to 3 equivalents of amine pendant groups per liter of the particulate composition, wherein the resin beads have average pore diameter of 5 to 100 nm, wherein the collection of resin beads has harmonic mean particle diameter of 200-1000 micrometers; wherein the collection of resin beads has surface area of 20 to 150 m.sup.2/g; and wherein aluminum is present in an amount of 14.5% percent or higher, by weight of aluminum atoms based on the total weight of the particulate composition. Also provided is a method of removing lithium from brine using such a composition.

Provided is a particulate composition comprising a collection of resin beads and LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2O, wherein n is 0 to 10, wherein X is a halogen, wherein the resin beads contain polymer having 0.5 to 3 equivalents of amine pendant groups per liter of the particulate composition, wherein the resin beads have average pore diameter of 5 to 100 nm, wherein the collection of resin beads has harmonic mean particle diameter of 200-1000 micrometers; wherein the collection of resin beads has surface area of 20 to 150 m.sup.2/g; and wherein aluminum is present in an amount of 14.5% percent or higher, by weight of aluminum atoms based on the total weight of the particulate composition. Also provided is a method of removing lithium from brine using such a composition.

Provided herein are methods of reducing bioburden of a chromatography resin that include exposing a container including a composition including (i) a chromatography resin and (ii) a liquid including at least on alcohol to a dose of gamma-irradiation sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the container and the chromatography resin, where the at least one alcohol are present in an amount sufficient to ameliorate the loss of binding capacity of the chromatography resin after/upon exposure to the dose of gamma-irradiation. Also provided are reduced bioburden chromatography columns including the reduced bioburden chromatography resin, compositions including a chromatography resin and a liquid including at least one alcohol, methods of performing reduced bioburden column chromatography using one of these reduced bioburden chromatography columns, and integrated, closed, and continuous processes for reduced bioburden manufacturing of a purified recombinant protein.

Provided herein are methods of reducing bioburden of a chromatography resin that include exposing a container including a composition including (i) a chromatography resin and (ii) a liquid including at least on alcohol to a dose of gamma-irradiation sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the container and the chromatography resin, where the at least one alcohol are present in an amount sufficient to ameliorate the loss of binding capacity of the chromatography resin after/upon exposure to the dose of gamma-irradiation. Also provided are reduced bioburden chromatography columns including the reduced bioburden chromatography resin, compositions including a chromatography resin and a liquid including at least one alcohol, methods of performing reduced bioburden column chromatography using one of these reduced bioburden chromatography columns, and integrated, closed, and continuous processes for reduced bioburden manufacturing of a purified recombinant protein.

A method for producing an aqueous solution of purified orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content; a method for producing a semiconductor device that includes etching a Ru layer on a semiconductor substrate with an etchant obtained by the method; and an aqueous solution of orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content. The method includes bringing an aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid into contact with a metal removing agent including a chelating resin, the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid containing orthoperiodic acid and water and having an orthoperiodic acid content of 15% by mass or less and a Cr content of 1 ppb by mass or more based on the total mass of the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid.

A method for producing an aqueous solution of purified orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content; a method for producing a semiconductor device that includes etching a Ru layer on a semiconductor substrate with an etchant obtained by the method; and an aqueous solution of orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content. The method includes bringing an aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid into contact with a metal removing agent including a chelating resin, the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid containing orthoperiodic acid and water and having an orthoperiodic acid content of 15% by mass or less and a Cr content of 1 ppb by mass or more based on the total mass of the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid.