A system and method for on-site cleaning of an ion exchange resin is disclosed. The system includes a mixing tank in fluid communication with a resin vessel, first and second chemical sources, first, second, and third pumps, and a deionized water source. The mixing tank and pumps are mounted on a portable skid. A cleaning solution is made within the mixing tank by displacing oxygen from the tank with a nitrogen blanket, and injecting a sulfite solution, an acid, and deionized water into the mixing tank. The third pump is configured to recirculate and mix the cleaning solution, drawing the cleaning solution from the mixing tank, past an instrument bank, and back into the mixing tank until mixed. The third pump is also configured to inject the cleaning solution into the resin vessel containing the ion exchange resin. The portable system is in fluid communication with a waste sump.

A system and method for on-site cleaning of an ion exchange resin is disclosed. The system includes a mixing tank in fluid communication with a resin vessel, first and second chemical sources, first, second, and third pumps, and a deionized water source. The mixing tank and pumps are mounted on a portable skid. A cleaning solution is made within the mixing tank by displacing oxygen from the tank with a nitrogen blanket, and injecting a sulfite solution, an acid, and deionized water into the mixing tank. The third pump is configured to recirculate and mix the cleaning solution, drawing the cleaning solution from the mixing tank, past an instrument bank, and back into the mixing tank until mixed. The third pump is also configured to inject the cleaning solution into the resin vessel containing the ion exchange resin. The portable system is in fluid communication with a waste sump.

The invention relates to a compressed salt block and a liquid treatment apparatus provided therein with at least one such compressed salt block. The liquid treatment apparatus comprises a housing adapted to accommodate at least one liquid treatment tank and at least one compressed salt block. The housing comprises a first space portion for accommodating the at least one liquid treatment tank, and a second space portion for accommodating at least partially the at least one compressed salt block; wherein the at least one compressed salt block comprises an extension portion which extends into a space in the first space portion between an external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank and an inner wall surface of the housing adjacent the external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank to thereby position the at least one compressed salt block within the housing. The compressed salt block comprises an elongated body having an irregular cross section, the cross section comprising a base side and a functional side opposing the base side, wherein at least a portion of the functional side forms an acute angle to the base side thereby forming the extension portion of the salt block.

The invention relates to a compressed salt block and a liquid treatment apparatus provided therein with at least one such compressed salt block. The liquid treatment apparatus comprises a housing adapted to accommodate at least one liquid treatment tank and at least one compressed salt block. The housing comprises a first space portion for accommodating the at least one liquid treatment tank, and a second space portion for accommodating at least partially the at least one compressed salt block; wherein the at least one compressed salt block comprises an extension portion which extends into a space in the first space portion between an external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank and an inner wall surface of the housing adjacent the external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank to thereby position the at least one compressed salt block within the housing. The compressed salt block comprises an elongated body having an irregular cross section, the cross section comprising a base side and a functional side opposing the base side, wherein at least a portion of the functional side forms an acute angle to the base side thereby forming the extension portion of the salt block.

A system includes an ion exchange softener fluidly coupled to a wastewater treatment system. The first ion exchange softener may receive a first brine stream from the wastewater treatment system and to remove a plurality of minerals from the first brine stream to generate a second brine stream including the plurality of minerals and a third brine stream. The system also includes a mineral removal system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and that may receive the second brine stream and to generate a sodium chloride (NaCl) brine stream and an acid and caustic production system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the mineral removal system. The acid and caustic production system includes a first electrodialysis (ED) system that may receive the NaCl brine stream from the mineral removal system and to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from the NaCl brine stream. The system also includes a second ED system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and upstream of the acid and caustic production system. The second ED system is fluidly coupled to the ion exchange softener and to the acid and caustic production system, and the second ED may generate desalinated water from the third brine stream and an ED concentrate stream. The second ED system may direct the ED concentrate stream to the acid and caustic production system.

A system includes an ion exchange softener fluidly coupled to a wastewater treatment system. The first ion exchange softener may receive a first brine stream from the wastewater treatment system and to remove a plurality of minerals from the first brine stream to generate a second brine stream including the plurality of minerals and a third brine stream. The system also includes a mineral removal system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and that may receive the second brine stream and to generate a sodium chloride (NaCl) brine stream and an acid and caustic production system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the mineral removal system. The acid and caustic production system includes a first electrodialysis (ED) system that may receive the NaCl brine stream from the mineral removal system and to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from the NaCl brine stream. The system also includes a second ED system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and upstream of the acid and caustic production system. The second ED system is fluidly coupled to the ion exchange softener and to the acid and caustic production system, and the second ED may generate desalinated water from the third brine stream and an ED concentrate stream. The second ED system may direct the ED concentrate stream to the acid and caustic production system.

Processes and apparatuses for degrading PFAS into calcium fluoride, carbon dioxide, and water. PFAS are heated and introduced to a calcium base which will degrade the PFAS. The PFAS may be in a stream that is a PFAS enriched stream formed by desorbing the PFAS from an adsorbent which removed the PFAS from a contaminant stream. The PFAS may be desorbed in the presence of the calcium base. The calcium base may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, or combinations thereof.

Processes and apparatuses for degrading PFAS into calcium fluoride, carbon dioxide, and water. PFAS are heated and introduced to a calcium base which will degrade the PFAS. The PFAS may be in a stream that is a PFAS enriched stream formed by desorbing the PFAS from an adsorbent which removed the PFAS from a contaminant stream. The PFAS may be desorbed in the presence of the calcium base. The calcium base may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, or combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for in-situ regeneration of spent ion exchange resin catalyst used in the dimerization of olefins, etherification and alkylation processes by various impurities coming from feed streams and heavier oligomers forms as byproducts. The process involves backwashing with water which is followed by the step of naphtha washing. Naphtha washing involves filling the reactor with paraffinic naphtha and soaking the catalyst bed in naphtha. The step of naphtha washing is followed by naphtha circulation in the reactor. The last step involves treatment with diluted HCl solution wherein deposited impurities at the ion exchange sites are removed using diluted HCl. The process achieves up to 80% regeneration of spent catalysts.

The present invention relates to a process for in-situ regeneration of spent ion exchange resin catalyst used in the dimerization of olefins, etherification and alkylation processes by various impurities coming from feed streams and heavier oligomers forms as byproducts. The process involves backwashing with water which is followed by the step of naphtha washing. Naphtha washing involves filling the reactor with paraffinic naphtha and soaking the catalyst bed in naphtha. The step of naphtha washing is followed by naphtha circulation in the reactor. The last step involves treatment with diluted HCl solution wherein deposited impurities at the ion exchange sites are removed using diluted HCl. The process achieves up to 80% regeneration of spent catalysts.