A process and apparatus for enhanced boron removal from water. The process includes the steps of reacting potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate with calcium borate in a stream of feed water to form a stream having calcium carbonate and potassium borate salt or ammonium borate salt. The stream having calcium carbonate and potassium borate or ammonium borate is introduced to an ion exchange vessel containing resin having methylglucamine in salt form with potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate to form borate and potassium sulfate or sodium sulfate. The resin in the ion exchange vessel is periodically regenerated.

A method for producing an ion-exchange resin having a water content of 5% by weight or less, a method for producing a lithography coating film forming-composition using the ion-exchange resin, and a method for washing the ion-exchange resin. The methods include the step of passing an organic solvent having a water content of 150 ppm or less through an ion-exchange resin precursor having a water content of 40% by weight or more, where a dehydration efficiency defined by the following equation is 5 or more: Dehydration efficiency=Dehydration rate (%)/[Weight of the organic solvent used per unit weight of the ion-exchange resin precursor (kg/kg)×Washing time (h)].

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising a tank containing a bed of at least one fluid treatment medium, a distributor plate separating the bed from an end portion of the tank, and an inert medium comprising amorphous particles having a harmonic mean diameter from 2.5 to 250 mm and a density from 0.57 to 0.998 cm.sup.3/g. The volume of the end portion containing inert medium is from 25 to 95% of the total volume of the end portion.

A method for producing an ion exchange resin. The method comprises steps of: (a) providing a basic ion exchange resin in the acidic form which comprises amino polyol groups and has a volume % swell from 15 to 30% upon conversion from the basic form to the acidic form, and (b) washing the resin with water or aqueous acid.

A method for producing an ion exchange resin. The method comprises steps of: (a) providing a basic ion exchange resin in the acidic form which comprises amino polyol groups and has a volume % swell from 15 to 30% upon conversion from the basic form to the acidic form, and (b) washing the resin with water or aqueous acid.

A resin for removing phosphorus from water body, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The particle size of the resin is 0.5-0.8 mm; the resin has a porous structure, the specific surface area is 8-25 m.sup.2/g, and the pore size distribution is 3-15 nm, the wet apparent density is 0.68-0.74 g/cm.sup.3; the wet true density is 1.12-1.18 g/cm.sup.3: and the water content of the resin is 43-57% in percentage by weight. The resin is loaded with a functional group having a lanthanum-oxygen bond, so that the resin can selectively adsorb phosphate radicals in the water body. The resin can selectively remove phosphorus in the water body by using a mode of loading lanthanum on weak acid cation resin and utilizing high selectivity of the lanthanum-oxygen bond to phosphate radicals, is easy to resolve and low in synthesis cost, and can be repeatedly used. Phosphorus in eutrophicated water and waste water can be effectively removed, the content of phosphate radicals in the water body can be controlled within 20 ppm, the phosphorus removal cost of the water body is reduced and the resin has great advantages compared with conventional disposable phosphorus adsorbents.

A resin for removing phosphorus from water body, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The particle size of the resin is 0.5-0.8 mm; the resin has a porous structure, the specific surface area is 8-25 m.sup.2/g, and the pore size distribution is 3-15 nm, the wet apparent density is 0.68-0.74 g/cm.sup.3; the wet true density is 1.12-1.18 g/cm.sup.3: and the water content of the resin is 43-57% in percentage by weight. The resin is loaded with a functional group having a lanthanum-oxygen bond, so that the resin can selectively adsorb phosphate radicals in the water body. The resin can selectively remove phosphorus in the water body by using a mode of loading lanthanum on weak acid cation resin and utilizing high selectivity of the lanthanum-oxygen bond to phosphate radicals, is easy to resolve and low in synthesis cost, and can be repeatedly used. Phosphorus in eutrophicated water and waste water can be effectively removed, the content of phosphate radicals in the water body can be controlled within 20 ppm, the phosphorus removal cost of the water body is reduced and the resin has great advantages compared with conventional disposable phosphorus adsorbents.

The present invention relates to methods of regenerating ion exchange resins in systems using anhydrous organic solvents, such as systems for alkaliating or lithiating materials, such as anodes, in gamma-butyrolactone.

The present invention relates to methods of regenerating ion exchange resins in systems using anhydrous organic solvents, such as systems for alkaliating or lithiating materials, such as anodes, in gamma-butyrolactone.

The present disclosure relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.