A method of controlling a chemical reaction is disclosed. The method may include feeding a solution at a first flow rate into a reactor and detecting a sound in the reactor using a sound sensor that is adjacent to the reactor. The sound sensor may convert the sound into a sound signal. After the sound signal is acquired, it is compared to a stored sound signal or a stored sound threshold to detect a reaction event. The method may include adjusting the flow rate of solutions into the reactor in response to the reaction event.

The invention relates to a multitubular reactor for dehydrogenation of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation and a method of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation. Most of the alcohol dehydrogenation reaction is endothermic reaction, the reaction temperature is high and the equilibrium conversion rate is low.

A virtual photon catalysis apparatus and a method for catalytic treatment using the virtual photon catalysis apparatus. The virtual photon catalysis apparatus includes a housing; and a catalysis unit built in the housing, including a rectangular magnet group, a magnetic force enhancing post, and a magnetically permeable shoe, where an SS pole and an NN pole of a rectangular magnet in the rectangular magnet group form a magnetic field line of a corresponding magnetic field center, the magnetic force enhancing post is used for enhancing a magnetic force from the magnetic field center to a corresponding magnetic field edge, and the magnetically permeable shoe transfers and centralizes the magnetic field from the magnetic field center to the corresponding magnetic field edge, where an angle between junctions between two ends of the magnetically permeable shoe and a central wall of the magnetically permeable shoe is greater than 90 degrees.

In an embodiment, a process to convert a feed includes introducing a feed to an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization reactor to form a first reactor effluent; introducing the first reactor effluent to a distillation unit to form a first distillation effluent and a second distillation effluent, the second distillation effluent comprising an oligomer of isobutylene; and introducing the second distillation effluent to a cracking reactor to form a cracking reactor effluent comprising a high purity isobutylene. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a feed line coupled to a first end of an oligomerization reactor; a first distillation unit coupled with a second end of the oligomerization reactor; a first end of a cracking reactor coupled to a second end of the first distillation unit via a first line; a first end of an isomerization reactor coupled to: a third end of the first distillation unit and the feed line.

A method of transferring a slurry is provided. The method involves transferring a slurry containing particles and a liquid using a transfer pump equipped with a ball type check valve. The transfer pump is operated under the condition satisfying the following formula: 7.810.sup.3<P5.010.sup.5. In the formula, P=W(.sub.1/(.sub.b.sub.1)).sup.0.5/(C.Math.d(d+R)R.sup.0.5). W represents the particle flow rate (kg/hr) in the slurry passing through the ball type check valve, C represents the particle concentration (kg/m3) in the slurry, d represents the maximum particle diameter (m) of the particles in the slurry, R represents the ball diameter (m) of the check valve, 1 represents the density (kg/m3) of the liquid, and pb represents the density (kg/m.sup.3) of the ball of the check valve.

Methods of adding a catalyst to a bulk polymerization process may include mixing the catalyst with propylene to form a catalyst mixture that is substantially free of any C20 or greater hydrocarbons, feeding the catalyst mixture into a polymerization reactor, activating the catalyst mixture; and performing a polymerization on the catalyst mixture in the polymerization reactor. Polymers may be formed by polymerization processes that are substantially free of any C20 or greater hydrocarbons.

Disclosed herein is a method for continuously preparing crystalline cannabinoid particles. The method includes preparing a cannabinoid-rich solution that comprises a first cannabinoid and inducing the cannabinoid-rich solution to a supersaturated state in which the first cannabinoid has a supersaturated concentration that is greater than a corresponding saturation concentration of the first cannabinoid. The method includes flowing the cannabinoid-rich solution into a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) in a continuous manner, mixing the cannabinoid-rich solution under turbulent mixing conditions to form a plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and a cannabinoid-depleted solution within the CSTR, and discharging the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and the cannabinoid-depleted solution from the CSTR in a continuous manner to provide a flow rate through the CSTR. The method includes separating crystalline cannabinoid particles from the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and the cannabinoid-depleted solution in a continuous manner.

A reactor for carrying out a gas-phase olefin polymerization in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, made from or containing (i) a first polymerization zone adapted and arranged for growing polymer particles to flow upward under fast fluidization or transport conditions, (ii) a second polymerization zone adapted and arranged for the growing polymer particles to flow downward, and (iii) a set of bars for introducing feedstock or a barrier stream into the reactor, wherein each bar has (a) a hollow space along the length of the bar, (b) a particle deviating top, and (c) a multiplicity of openings arranged along the bottom half of the periphery of the bar.

A continuous falling film reactor includes a reactor body including chambers for a reaction between first and second reagents. The chambers have a respective inner surface, for the sliding of the first reagent in the form of a thin film, or layer, a device for introducing the first reagent, in particular in the liquid phase, especially in the form of an organic raw material, into the respective chamber and a device for inputting the second reagent, in particular in the gaseous phase, especially in the form of sulphuric anhydride, in the respective one of the chambers. A head introduces the first reagent, in the respective chamber, which headincludes a corresponding nozzle so calibrated to cause a predetermined load loss of said first reagent.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor including a gaseous area having a first gaseous reactant inlet provided at a lower portion thereof, and a reaction area in which a reaction medium reacts with the gaseous reactant above the gaseous area; a second gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor in the gaseous area and a third gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor facing the second gaseous reactant inlet; and a first injection nozzle connected to the second gaseous reactant inlet and a second injection nozzle connected to the third gaseous reactant inlet.