A variable 3D CD nozzle includes: a flexible body defining a flow path having an inlet extending through a narrowed throat to an expanded outlet, wherein the flexible body comprises a plurality of flexible members movably interconnected together; and at least one means for changing a shape of the flexible body to change a dimension or location of the throat plane relative to at least one of the inlet plane or outlet plane. A method of changing airflow in a nozzle includes operating at least one means for changing the shape of the flexible nozzle body to change the dimension or the location of the throat plane. A method of testing an object includes placing a test object in the test region of the test cell and passing a test gas from the outlet opening of the nozzle onto the test object.

Embodiments described in examples herein provide methods and systems for increasing a yield from an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactor. An exemplary method includes controlling a temperature of a feed gas composition at less than 250° C. The feed gas composition is flowed through a feed preheater to form a heated feed gas, wherein in the feed preheater the feed gas composition is heated to between 150° C. and 250° C. The heated feed gas is flowed into the ODH reactor less than 15 seconds after leaving the feed preheater.

Disclosed are a method and system for propylene polymerization utilizing a loop slurry reactor. The method can include polymerizing propylene in a loop slurry reactor under bulk polymerization conditions to produce polypropylene. The propylene polymerization system can include i) a loop slurry reactor and a heat exchange system that is configured to cool the legs of the loop slurry reactor and/or ii) an inlet manifold that is configured to connect flashline heaters to a separator.

Disclosed is a reactor for solution polymerization process using a metallocene catalyst for preparing polyolefin. The reactor includes: a reaction vessel for mixing a hydrocarbon-based solvent and an olefin monomer to produce polyolefin; a feed inlet installed at a lower portion of the reaction vessel to feed a feed including an unreacted monomer, a solvent, and a catalyst into the reaction vessel; a guide pipe having a cylinder shape being open at respective ends, installed along a central axis of the reaction vessel, and dividing an internal space of the reaction vessel into an up-flow region where a reaction mixture flows upward and a down-flow region where the reaction mixture flows downward; a swirling flow-inducing blade attached to the exterior surface of the guide pipe, causing the reaction mixture in the reaction vessel to rise along the exterior surface of the guide pipe while forming a swirling flow.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

An activated carbon device for adsorbing solvent from a flow of air is regenerated by feeding heated inert gas to the activated carbon and by applying a reduced pressure to the heated activated carbon.

A load-following reactor system and associated facilities for improved control of a reactor under varying loads. The load-following reactor may be a tube-cooled reactor for methanol synthesis. A reactant may be controlled by at least one valve element such that a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor through the reactor tubes, and a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor after being heated in a heat exchanger. The heated portion of the reactant may be fed to the reactor after the tubes. The valve element may be controlled based on a temperature of the reactor and/or a flowrate of reactant feed to adapt the temperature of the reactor to the changing reactant flowrate.

An apparatus for extraction and recovery of components from biomass feedstocks with pressurized low polarity water. The apparatus is configured with four or more reaction columns, wherein each column is in separate communication with a supply of hot water, a first supply of pressurized heated water, a second supply of pressurized heated water, and a supply of pressurized cooling water. Components may be extracted concurrently from two or more batches of the biomass by, first placing the two batches of biomass into two selected columns, separately flooding the two columns with pressurized water, heating the columns and their contents to the point where the water becomes pressurized low polarity (PLP) water, recovering the PLP water comprising the extracted components from the two selected columns, cooling the columns with PLP water, and removing the spent biomass material from the columns.

A reverse flow reactor (RFR) and process having a forward reaction feed cycle, a reverse reaction feed cycle, and a reverse regeneration cycle. The heat convected in the forward feed cycle matches the heat convected in the reverse flow cycles. Compared to an RFR without the reverse feed cycle, the three-cycle RPR substantially reduces the regeneration air flow rate, associated compression requirements, and the overall reactor volume, that are required.

A method for nitrous decomposition can include: expanding liquid nitrous into gaseous nitrous in a decomposition chamber; injecting heated nitrogen gas into the decomposition chamber so as to mix with the gaseous nitrous, wherein the heated nitrogen gas is at a nitrous decomposition temperature; heating the gaseous nitrous with the heated nitrogen gas to the nitrous decomposition temperature; and decomposing the gaseous nitrous into nitrogen and oxygen. The method can include: heating the nitrogen to at least the nitrous decomposition temperature; heating the liquid nitrous prior to expansion into the decomposition chamber; and performing the decomposition without a catalyst or heating element in the decomposition chamber. A swirling device can be positioned at an inlet to the decomposition chamber. A swirling nozzle can be positioned at an inlet to the decomposition chamber.