In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C.sub.2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C.sub.2+ compounds.

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process in which an alkane component is catalytically converted in the presence of an oxygen or oxidizing component (i.e., oxidant). The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of alkane in the presence of oxidant to produce an olefin product, i.e., a composition containing C.sub.2+ olefin. Reverse-flow reactors can be used to carry out the oxidative coupling reaction.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to hydrogenation catalysts, syntheses of hydrogenation catalysts, and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation. Methods for forming a hydrogenation catalyst may include mixing a silica generating precursor with a copper precursor and adding an ammonium salt to an end pH of between about 5 to about 9. Methods for hydrogenating an oxalate may include forming a reaction mixture by flowing a hydrogenation catalyst to a reactor, flowing a hydrogen source to the reactor, and flowing an oxalate to the reactor, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst has a particle size between about 10 nm to about 40 nm. Methods may further include reacting the oxalate to form ethylene glycol.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217A for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an absorptive desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of light paraffinic gases to form liquid products in a process performed in a fixed bed radial-flow reactor. The light paraffins can correspond to C.sub.3+ paraffins. Examples of liquid products that can be formed include C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. The fixed bed radial-flow reactor can allow for improved control over the reaction conditions for paraffin conversion in spite of the fixed bed nature of the reactor. This can allow the process to operate with improved efficiency while reducing or minimizing the complexity of operation relative to non-fixed bed reactor systems.

At least one method to efficiently produce alkylene oxide from partial oxidation of hydrocarbons using a high efficiency heterogeneous catalyst in a fixed bed enclosed within a reaction vessel, and a reaction vessel constructed to facilitate the same.

Device for the mixing and distribution of fluids for a catalytic reactor with a downward flow, said device comprising a collection zone (A), a mixing zone (B) and a distribution zone (C) comprising a distribution plate (12) comprising at least one first zone (C1) supporting a plurality of chimneys (13) and a second zone (C2); said mixing zone (B) is comprised in an annular enclosure (15) situated in the distribution zone (C), said mixing (B) and distribution (C) zones being delimited by at least one annular wall (16) comprising at least one lateral passage section (17a, 17b) suitable for the passage of the fluids from said mixing zone (B) to the first zone (C1) of said distribution zone (C), and the second zone (C2) comprises a plurality of openings (18) suitable for the partial passage of the fluids out of the distribution zone (C).

Processes and systems for making cyclopentadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene include converting acyclic C5 hydrocarbon(s) into CPD in a first reactor to obtain a product mixture, separating the product mixture in a separation sub-system such as compression train to obtain a C5-rich fraction comprising CPD and essentially depleted of hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons, dimerizing the C5-rich fraction in a dimerization reactor to obtain a product effluent comprising DCPD, followed by separating the product effluent to obtain a DCPD-rich fraction. Multiple-stage of dimerization and separation steps can be optionally used to obtain multiple DCPD-rich fractions of various degrees of purity and quantity. C5-rich fractions from various stages of the process may be recycled to the first reactor, or converted into mogas components after selective hydrogenation. C5-rich fractions and mogas components may be optionally separated to produce value-adding chemicals.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.