A restraint system configured to stabilize catalyst loading tubes. The restraint system includes a first restraint that has a first collar portion and a second collar portion. The restraint system further includes a first fastener configured to attach the first collar portion to a first tube segment and a second fastener configured to attach the second collar portion to the first tube segment. The restraint system also includes a first linkage having a first end and a second end, and a second linkage having a first end and a second end. The restraint system includes a second restraint having a third collar portion and a fourth collar portion. The restraint system further includes a third fastener and a fourth fastener. The first ends of the first and second linkage couple to the first restraint and the second ends of the first and second linkage couple to the second restraint.

A moving bed reactor is provided that can allow facilitate performing a reaction involving a three-phase flow under co-axial flow conditions for the solid and liquid portions of the three phase flow, while the gas portion of the three-phase flow is exposed to the solids under radial flow conditions. Methods for using such a moving bed reactor to perform a reaction, such as upgrading of a feed to distillate products, are also provided.

A baffle (i.e., tube support) for use in a shell-and-tube heat exchange reactor, such as, for example, an ethylene oxide (EO) reactor, is provided that accommodates reduced tube pitch, and thus more catalyst packed tubes can be inside the reactor. The baffle, which can be referred to herein as a corrugated grid support, includes a plurality of corrugated stainless steel strips which sit into each other and form a grid pattern having tube openings. Each tube opening is configured to permit a catalyst packed tube to be inserted therein, while allowing a sufficient open area along the shell side of the tube to permit coolant to flow through the reactor.

An ethylene oxide (EO) reactor is provided in which a removable impingement basket is configured to be inserted into the reactor inlet pipe of the EO reactor. The removable impingement basket provides protection for the silver-based catalyst filled tubes and other components that are present inside the EO reactor as well as providing another access point into the EO reactor. The removable impingement basket also can provide better distribution of the inlet gas as compared to an EO reactor containing a non-removable impingement plate.

An improved reactor comprising a shell and at least one reactor internal component. The reactor internal component includes a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes attached by at least one tube support plate comprising at least one radial strut and at least one bracket configured to secure to at least one tube of the tube bundle. The tubes are arranged in concentric bands about a longitudinal axis of the reactor. The reactor comprises a gas inlet plate, a catalyst support plate, and a top plate.

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts including mixed oxides of Mo, V, Nb, Te, and optionally a promoter may be dissolved in aqueous solutions of oxalic acid. This permits the removal of catalyst and catalyst residues from reactors for the oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins and particularly ethane.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

A reactor tube for a tubular reactor and a retaining device associated with the reactor tube; the reactor tube comprising an elongate tube defining a bore for receiving in use a catalyst and having an outlet at one end of the bore for discharging the catalyst out of the bore; the retaining device being configured to be rotatable between a first position and a second position; wherein in the first position the retaining device at least partially obstructs the outlet for retaining the catalyst within the bore; and in the second position the outlet is unobstructed sufficiently for permitting discharge of the catalyst out of the outlet.

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.