Disclosed is a novel catalyst having amine ligands for synthesizing methanol or its precursor. When the catalyst is allowed to react with an alkane in the presence of an acid, at least one CH bond of the alkane is catalytically oxidized. Therefore, the catalyst is suitable for use in forming an alkyl ester from an alkane.

The present invention relates to a novel method for synthesizing a decursin derivative, enabling high-yield mass synthesis of a decursin derivative (PRG-A-04) represented by compound I through a reaction between decursinol and an intermediate compound in which a Boc protecting group is introduced to an OH group of 3-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol in the presence of a palladium catalyst and xantphos.

There are provided a compound capable of being a novel ligand allowing regioselective borylation to be performed in the aromatic borylation reaction, and a catalyst using the same compound. There is provided a bipyridyl compound represented by a general formula (1): (wherein A represents a single bond, a vinylene group or an ethynylene group;

X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

n pieces of R.sup.1 may be the same or different, and R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted aryloxy group, an optionally substituted amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, or two adjacent R.sup.1 may form a saturated or unsaturated ring structure optionally containing a hetero atom together with the carbon atoms bonded to the two R.sup.1;

R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted aryloxy group; and

n represents a number of 1 to 4).

##STR00001##

There are provided a compound capable of being a novel ligand allowing regioselective borylation to be performed in the aromatic borylation reaction, and a catalyst using the same compound. There is provided a bipyridyl compound represented by a general formula (1): (wherein A represents a single bond, a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; n pieces of R.sup.1 may be the same or different, and R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted aryloxy group, an optionally substituted amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, or two adjacent R.sup.1 may form a saturated or unsaturated ring structure optionally containing a hetero atom together with the carbon atoms bonded to the two R.sup.1; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted aryloxy group; and n represents a number of 1 to 4). ##STR00001##

There is provided herein a composition which contains hydride-functionalized siloxane or silane, a hydroxyl-containing compound that does not contain silicon, and a catalytically-effective amount of super acid or super base catalyst selected from the group consisting of a triaza-containing compound which contains only carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, an atrane compound, a linear or branched compound containing a sulfonyl group and a fluoro group, and combinations thereof. There is also provided a process of making such a composition.

Methods and compositions for producing 1-butanol are described herein. In some examples, the methods can comprise, contacting a reactant comprising ethanol with a catalyst system, thereby producing a product comprising 1-butanol. The catalyst system can comprise, for example, an iridium catalyst and a nickel, copper, and/or zinc catalyst. The nickel, copper, and zinc catalysts can comprise nickel, copper, and/or zinc and a sterically bulky ligand.

The present invention relates to the treatment of a promoted strong acid ion exchange resin for use as an acid catalyst with an antioxidant to protect the resin from oxidative degradation and the use of said treated promoted ion exchange resin catalyst in chemical production processes.

A method for N-formylating an amine that includes reacting the amine and a formamide compound in the presence of a phosphonic anhydride to form an N-formylated amine. The phosphonic anhydride is present in an amount of 5-100 mol % relative to a total number of moles of the amine, and the reacting is performed for 1-24 hours at a temperature of 45-100 C.

The present invention relates to improved synthetic routes of synthesizing adagrasib. The invention also provides intermediates used in the provided synthetic routes.

A process for the synthesis of Dapsone and intermediates thereof are described.