A catalytic composition and process for using same. The catalyst may be utilized for an oxidation reaction, for example, for the conversion of mercaptans to disulfides. The catalyst includes a metal component, for example, cobalt phthalocyanine structure. The organic component may comprise any number of different oxidation promoters that are capable of promoting the reduction of oxygen, preferably in a caustic, environment. The organic component may comprise an unsaturated six member ring having at least five carbon atoms, and wherein the sixth member of the six member ring is either C or N, and in which at least two substituent groups are present on the six membered ring.

A process of oxidizing an alcohol for the production of its corresponding carbonyl compounds is disclosed, wherein the oxidation is performed with oxygen or gases containing oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a gold compound and a copper compound. Said alcohol oxidation by gaseous oxidant can achieve a high yield and selectivity with minimized degradation products or waste organic solvents.

A photocatalyst can be regenerated with increasing efficiency, turnover number and turnover frequency in the presence of air by irradiating the photocatalyst with a first range of wavelengths of light that excite the photocatalyst to an intermediate and irradiating the intermediate with a second range of wavelengths of light that turns the intermediate to the photocatalyst.

Disclosed is a method of oxidizing a substrate comprising contacting the substrate, an oxidant, and a solid phase comprising a plurality of pendant groups having affinity for a substrate to be oxidised and an oxidation catalyst. Also disclosed is a solid phase and membrane for use in the method. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the solid phase, and system for oxidizing a substrate.

A new class of organic-inorganic hybrid composite materials, composites of a fluoroalkyl fluorophthalocyanine and a solid-state support containing an imidazole group. The new class of composite materials can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the heterogeneous oxidation organic molecules in aqueous and some organic solvents systems is claimed.

Method for preparing methyl formate and coproducing dimethyl ether by reacting a formaldehyde and methanol raw material (molar ratio range of 1:4 to 1:0.05) in a First Reaction Region at ranges from 50 C. to 100 C. with Catalyst A resulting in post-reaction material separated into Constituent I. Reacting Constituent I in a Second Reaction Region at ranges from 50 C. to 200 C. and from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa with Catalyst B resulting in post-reaction material, which is separated into methyl formate, dimethyl ether and Constituent II. At least 1% of dimethyl ether is product, and recycling the rest to the First Reaction Region. Constituent II is recycled to the Second Reaction Region. Each component is gaseous phase and/or liquid phase, independently. The method shows long catalyst life, mild reaction condition, high utilization ratio of raw materials, continuous production and large scale industrial application potential.

The present invention relates to method for converting a sulfide of the following formula (I), such as yperite: R.sup.1SR.sup.2 (I) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, identical or different, are a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.3)alkenyl, aryl, aryl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, or aryl-(C.sub.2-C.sub.3)alkenyl group, said group being optionally substituted by one or several groups selected from a halogen atom, OR.sup.3, and NR.sup.4R.sup.5, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are, independently of one another, H or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; into a sulfoxide of the following formula (II): R.sup.1SOR.sup.2 (II) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, are as defined above, wherein said method comprises oxidizing the sulfide of formula (I) in the presence of a catalyst. under an atmosphere comprising dioxygen, and under white or blue light irradiation, wherein the catalyst has the following formula (I): wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3, and Ar.sup.4 are, independently of one another, an aryl group optionally substituted by one or several groups selected from halogen, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, OR.sup.6, and NR.sup.7R.sup.8, and R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are, independently of one another, H or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl. The present invention relates also to an air-filtering device comprising a catalyst of formula (I).

##STR00001##

This invention relates to gels that undergo either oscillatory stepwise expansion or oscillatory expansion and contraction. An oscillatory reaction occurs within the gel, changing the conditions of the gel, and causing the gel to expand and optionally contract. The gels may be used for oscillatory release of a chemical agent.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to catalysts for electrochemical water splitting, in particular catalysts useful for oxygen evolution at an anode in electrochemical water splitting. The disclosed catalysts compositions comprise a catalyst core component, a shell component, and optionally a catalyst outer component; wherein the catalyst core component comprises a composition having the chemical formula M.sub.xP.sub.y; where M is a transition metal; wherein x is a number from about 1 to about 20; wherein y is a number from about 1 to about 20; wherein the shell component comprises a conducting polymer; and wherein the catalyst outer component is a transition metal that is not the same as the transition metal M. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to a method of oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds. The method involves contacting a sulfur-containing compound with a helmet phthalocyaninato-type catalyst in the presence of an oxidant. The present invention also provides a method of removing undesired sulfur-containing compounds from a fluid, such as natural gas, crude oil or an aqueous waste stream.