The invention describes metal catalysts such as Pt single-site centers on metal oxide supports, e.g., powdered supports, such as MgO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2 or mixtures thereof with phenyl or biphenyl ligands substituted with two or more carboxylic acid groups.

A metal organic framework (MOF)-polymer composite for detoxifying a chemical warfare agent (CWA) comprises MOF nanoparticles having catalytically active Lewis acid sites and at least one polymer having catalytically active basic sites. The composite is configured such that the at least one polymer is in surrounding relation to the MOF nanoparticles such that at least a portion of the Lewis acid sites of the MOF nanoparticles are in proximal relation to at least a portion of the basic sites of the at least one polymer thereby forming a plurality of proximal acid-base interfaces thus enabling a bifunctional catalytic mechanism for detoxifying the CWA. The MOF-polymer composite can provide CWA detoxification without the presence of a basic compound.

A photocatalyst including a first metal oxide; and a second metal oxide, wherein the first metal oxide is disposed on a surface of the second metal oxide, and wherein absorbance of the photocatalyst in a wavelength region of about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 600 nm is about 5% to about 50% greater than an absorbance of TiO.sub.2 in the wavelength region of about 200 nm to about 600 nm.

This invention is directed to transition metal-based-halloysite nanocomposites and methods of making and using the same.

There is disclosed a method of developing semiconductor photocatalysts by recycling Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) waste, the method comprising separating or removing a polymer layer of carbon-fibre waste via thermal decomposition; and coupling the resulting carbon-fibres as a cocatalyst with semiconductor materials; for photocatalytic water splitting results in producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). The semiconductor materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), to be used as composite materials, and coupling the carbon-fibres as a cocatalyst with semiconductor materials is done via facile hydrothermal methods and ultrasonic/physical mixing approaches (CFs/TiO.sub.2-A). Further disclosed is a carbon fiber (CF)/TiO.sub.2 composite comprising well-distributed and uniformly sized TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles, wherein the TiO.sub.2 particles are uniformly attached to the CF surface, wherein the CF is synthesized by being separated from a polymer layer of CFRP waste.

A preparation method and use of a novel pure inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material are disclosed. The surface hydroxyl-rich metasilicic acid is used as the raw material, and by using a sulfonating reagent and/or phosphoric acid, the sulfonic acid group and/or the phosphoric acid group are bonded to the inorganic silicon material by chemical bonding to obtain a pure inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material. The catalytic material can be widely used in many acid-catalyzed organic reactions such as isomerization, esterification, alkylation, hydroamination of olefins, condensation, nitration, etherification, multi-component reactions and oxidation reactions. The inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material of the present invention has the advantages of high acid amount, high activity, good hydrothermal stability, no swelling, simple preparation, low cost, no pollution, no corrosion, easy separation and reusability.

Disclosed herein are nanostructured hierarchical zeolitic materials comprising: a plurality of zeolite nanotubes, each zeolite nanotube comprising a zeolitic wall perforated by a plurality of pores, the zeolitic wall defining a single longitudinal lumen. Also disclosed herein are bolaform structure directing agents comprising: a first hydrophilic end and a second hydrophilic end with a hydrophobic core therebetween; the hydrophobic core comprising one or more aromatic rings and one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups; the one or more aromatic rings comprising a biphenyl group; the one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups each independently comprising a C.sub.10 alkyl group; and the first hydrophilic end and the second hydrophilic end each independently comprising a quinuclidinium group. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and use of the plurality of zeolite nanotubes and the bolaform structure directing agents.

The present invention discloses a polycrystalline-iron-loaded porous biochar aerogel catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and pertains to the field of preparation of carbon catalysts. The polycrystalline-iron-loaded porous biochar aerogel catalyst in the present invention comprises a porous biochar substrate. Polycrystalline iron nanoparticles are loaded on biochar layers through FeC bonds, and the porous biochar aerogel has an internal structure that is an overall honeycomb-like porous network structure. The preparation method of the catalyst in the present invention utilizes ion exchange of crosslinking agents to crosslink iron-based materials with carbon-based materials, and accomplishes the preparation through treatments of freeze-drying and high-temperature calcination.

CO.sub.2 introduced into the ground reacts with water in the moisture present in the surroundings to convert to hydrocarbon, suppressing leakage of CO.sub.2 above ground. The method for producing hydrocarbon has an introduction step for introducing CO.sub.2 into a storage site in the ground where moisture and a catalytic metal are present, the pressure is 5 MPa or higher, and the temperature is 40 C. or higher, to bring the CO.sub.2 into a subcritical state or a supercritical state, and a synthesis step for reacting the water in the moisture with the subcritical or supercritical CO.sub.2 in the storage site to synthesize hydrocarbon. The storage site is preferably a site from 800 m to 1200 m below ground. The pressure of the storage site is preferably 8 MPa or higher.