The present invention relates to novel fused imidazo pyrazole derivatives of formula (I), and formula (II), and methods for preparation thereof, in the presence of a chitosan-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 nanocomposite film. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the invention as active ingredients as well as the use of compounds of the invention for antimicrobial action.

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The present invention provides a catalyst precursor and a catalyst suitable for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The resulting multi-wall carbon nanotubes have a narrow distribution as to the number of walls forming the tubes and a narrow distribution in the range of diameters for the tubes. Additionally, the present invention provides methods for producing multi-wall carbon nanotubes having narrow distributions in the number of walls and diameters. Further, the present invention provides a composition of spent catalyst carrying multi-wall nanotubes having narrow distribution ranges of walls and diameters.

A metal oxide nanorod array structure according to embodiments disclosed herein includes a monolithic substrate having a surface and multiple channels, an interface layer bonded to the surface of the substrate, and a metal oxide nanorod array coupled to the substrate surface via the interface layer. The metal oxide can include ceria, zinc oxide, tin oxide, alumina, zirconia, cobalt oxide, and gallium oxide. The substrate can include a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, a ceramic monolith, and a stainless steel monolith. The ceramic can include cordierite, alumina, tin oxide, and titania. The nanorod array structure can include a perovskite shell, such as a lanthanum-based transition metal oxide, or a metal oxide shell, such as ceria, zinc oxide, tin oxide, alumina, zirconia, cobalt oxide, and gallium oxide, or a coating of metal particles, such as platinum, gold, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium, over each metal oxide nanorod. Structures can be bonded to the surface of a substrate and resist erosion if exposed to high velocity flow rates.

An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a support and a catalytic metal as one or more precious metals supported by the support. The support includes a composite oxide having a composition represented by a general formula AB.sub.C.sub.O.sub.3, wherein A represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, neodymium, and yttrium, B represents iron or a combination of iron and aluminum, C represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and each represents a numerical value within a range of more than 0 and less than 1, and and satisfy relational formulae of > and +1.

Described is a selective catalytic reduction material comprising a spherical particle including an agglomeration of crystals of a molecular sieve. The catalyst is a crystalline material that is effective to catalyze the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of a reductant at temperatures between 200 C. and 600 C. A method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides and an exhaust gas treatment system are also described.

Preparation of a catalyst suitable for use in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis reactions using a two step process in which the steps may be performed in either order. In step a), impregnate an iron carboxylate metal organic framework selected from a group consisting of iron-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Fe-(BTC), Basolite F-300 and/or MIL-100 (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-101(Fe)), iron fumarate (MIL-88 A (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-53 (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-68 (Fe)) or iron azobenzenetetracarboxylate (MIL-127 (Fe)) with a solution of a promoter element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. In step b) thermally decompose the iron carboxylate metal organic framework under an inert gaseous atmosphere to yield a catalyst that is a porous carbon matrix having embedded therein a plurality of discrete aliquots of iron carbide. If desired, add a step intermediate between steps a) and b) or preceding step b) wherein the metal organic framework is impregnated with an oxygenated solvent solution of a polymerizable additional carbon source and the polymerizable additional carbon source is thereafter polymerized.

Methods for converting an alcohol, such as cyclohexanol to a ketone, such as cyclohexanone, include reacting the alcohol in the presence of a catalyst and oxygen to produce the ketone. In one exemplary embodiment, the catalyst comprises a microporous copper chloropyrophosphate framework including a plurality of noble metal nanoparticles. In one exemplary embodiment, the noble metal nanoparticles include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and gold.

Disclosed is a method of making and using a titania supported palladium catalyst for the single step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanal from a feed of n-butyraldehyde. This titania supported palladium catalyst demonstrates high n-butyraldehyde conversion but also produces 2-ethylhexanal in an appreciable yield with maintained activity between runs. This method provides a single step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanal from n-butyraldehyde with a catalyst that can be regenerated that provides cleaner downstream separations relative to the traditional caustic route.

Described herein is a new crystalline molecular sieve Al-SSZ-63 prepared by a direct synthesis. The synthesis uses N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation as a structure-directing agent. A method for directly synthesizing the Al-SSZ-63 is also provided, as are processes employing the Al-SSZ-63 in a catalyst.

Fluidizable catalysts for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins. The catalysts comprise 10-20% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VO.sub.x) such as V.sub.2O.sub.5 as well as 1-5% by weight per total catalyst weight of niobium as a promoter. The dehydrogenation catalysts are mounted on an alumina support that is modified with lanthanum to stabilize bulk phase transformation of the alumina. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts as well as methods for the oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to corresponding olefins with improved alkane conversion and olefin selectivity are also disclosed.