A method of catalytic hydrogenation and reduction in which a reactive substrate and a hydrogen source are brought into contact in the presence of a platinum-group metal-supported catalyst to run the reactive substrate through catalytic hydrogenation and reduction; the ion exchanger is made of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous hole phase; the thickness of the continuous skeleton is in the range of 1-100 ?m; the average diameter of the continuous holes is in the range of 1-1000 ?m; the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5-50 mL/g; the ion exchange capacity per unit weight in a dry state is in the range of 1-9 mg eq/g; and the ion exchanger is a non-particulate, weakly basic, organic porous ion exchanger where an ion exchange group is distributed in the ion exchanger.

Provided are an iridium-manganese oxide composite material and an iridium-manganese oxide composite electrode material that are inexpensive and have high catalytic activity for use in an anode catalyst for oxygen evolution associated with water electrolysis. Also provided are methods for producing the same. An iridium-manganese oxide composite material includes a manganese oxide and iridium distributed on at least a surface of the manganese oxide, the iridium having a metal valence of 3.1 or greater and 3.8 or less. An iridium-manganese oxide composite electrode material includes a conductive substrate formed of a fiber, with the iridium-manganese oxide composite material being coated on at least a portion of the conductive substrate.

A nanocatalyst for methane dry reforming has a fluorite structure and has a plurality of transition metal or noble metal particles dispersed on a surface thereof. The nanocatalyst is represented by the Chemical Formula, A.sub.1-aCe.sub.aO.sub.2-?. In the Chemical Formula, A is selected from rare earth elements excluding Ce, and a and ? are real numbers of 0<a<1 and 0???1, respectively.

An iridium-ruthenium-based oxide anode catalyst for water electrolysis includes a heterostructure within the particles, different phases within the particles being adjacent to each other, and the different phases within the particles consist of iridium and ruthenium, the catalyst is synthesized using metal sulfides (MxS) as precursors, and the catalyst is characterized by the introduction of transition metal elements as dopants.

Disclosed are methods for conversion of ?-hydroxy carbonyl species and preparation of amino alcohol precursor using bifunctional catalysts derived from layer double hydroxides. By the bifunctional catalyst, the abundant basic sites on HTO allow retro-aldol condensation to outpace direct hydrogenation, thus achieving an exceptional selectivity towards a desired product produced through retro-aldol condensation and then hydrogenation. Accordingly, this method exhibits particular utility in the renewable production of N-acetylethanolamine from biomass-derived N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) without using homogeneous base as a co-catalyst.

A photocatalyst in the form of chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS is disclosed. Additionally, methods for producing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS with controlled morphology, as well as methods for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen gas under visible light irradiation employing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS are disclosed.

Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing copper oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature, direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, CuO.sub.x may be dispersed as a monolayer on a metal oxide support, such as Co.sub.3O.sub.4 spinel oxide, synthesized using an incipient wetness impregnation technique. The CuO.sub.x/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N.sub.2O product.

A family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites has been synthesized that is a layered pentasil zeolite. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula:

M.sub.m.sup.n+R.sub.r.sup.p+Al.sub.1-xE.sub.xSi.sub.yO.sub.z

where M is an alkali, alkaline earth, or rare earth metal such as sodium or strontium, R can be a mixture of organoammonium cations and E is a framework element such as gallium, iron, boron, or indium. These zeolites are characterized by unique x-ray diffraction patterns and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Disclosed are a metal catalyst with a vertical heterojunction interface and a method of producing the same. The metal catalyst with the vertical heterojunction interface according to an embodiment of the disclosure allows hydrogen adsorbed on a transition metal oxide to be transferred to a transition metal sulfide (hydrogen spillover phenomenon), thereby having effects on having both excellent hydrogen adsorption performance and excellent catalyst activities.

A catalyst comprising a barium niobate-based perovskite structure where, Mg and Ca has been used to dope the niobium sites along with one or more of Fe, Ni, Co, Y, Yb, W, Ta, and Pr.