Provided herein is a process for producing a compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof: (I) catalyst. Also provided herein are catalysts which find use in the process.

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A novel Fischer Tropsch (FT) catalyst that has improved thermal characteristics and a highly active surface catalyst coating on a pellet to produce high quality hydrocarbon liquids and waxes even at high reactor temperatures. The catalyst shows a surprising increase in hydrocarbons and wax formation at high temperature and a much higher specific catalyst activity than demonstrated to date. More generally, a catalyst support, method of making a catalyst, and methods of FT synthesis are described.

A supported catalyst particles include oxide carrier particles and noble metal particles supported on the oxide carrier particles, wherein the mass of the noble metal particles is less than or equal to 5 mass % based on the mass of the oxide carrier particles, and the average particle size of the noble metal particles measured by transmission electron microscopy is 1.0-2.0 nm, with the standard deviation less than or equal to 0.8 nm.

The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a core-shell catalyst comprising the steps of a. providing core particles, b. functionalizing at least part of the surface of the core particles with a functionalizing agent thereby forming functionalized core particles, c. graft polymerizing at least one of aromatic vinyl compounds onto the functionalized core particles thereby forming core-shell particles wherein the core is comprised of the core particles and the shell is comprised of graft polymerized aromatic vinyl compounds and d. activating the shell by using a sulfonating agent wherein the core particles comprise or consists of glass particles and wherein the core particles are hydroxylated prior to step b). The present invention further relates to the use of the core-shell catalyst for the manufacture of bisphenol A by reacting phenol with acetone for increasing the selectivity towards the formation of p,p-bisphenol A.

The present invention relates to a method for carrying out a catalysed chemical reaction using one or more liquid reactants, preferably acetone and phenol to form bisphenol A, in an upflow reactor comprising feeding at least a portion of said reactants to a bottom section of the reactor positioned below a flow distributor plate, passing said portion through the flow distributor plate, passing said portion through a layer of inert particles positioned above and preferably in contact with said flow distributor plate, passing said portion through a catalyst layer comprising a particulate catalyst, said catalyst layer being positioned above and in contact with said layer of inert particles, wherein the reactants react to form a product stream, collecting said product stream via collecting means positioned above said catalyst layer. The invention also relates to a reactor assembly. The catalyst is a core-shell catalyst which is manufactured by graft polymerizing aromatic vinyl compounds onto the hydroxylated and functionalized core particles, followed by sulfonation.

Described herein is a general scalable synthesis method for a high density of single metal atoms in a supported catalyst, supported isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity and the support materials determine the stability, electronic properties, and local environment which can be adjusted for targeted heterogeneous catalysis applications.

Provided in the invention are a catalyst for preparing phosgene and a preparation method therefor, and a method for the preparation of phosgene and the comprehensive utilization of energy thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) stirring and soaking activated carbon in a modifying solution, then adding dimethyltin dichloride and chromium oxide powders and carrying out a reaction, and then adding a nickel oxide fine powder and ultrasonically oscillating same to prepare a pre-modified activated carbon; 2) drying the pre-modified activated carbon; and 3) heating and calcinating the dried pre-modified activated carbon from step 2) to prepare the catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system and a method for its preparation. The catalyst system of the present disclosure comprises a support, a promoter component impregnated in the support, and an active metal component comprising nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum impregnated in the support. In the active metal component the molar mass of molybdenum is greater than the combined molar mass of cobalt and nickel. The catalyst system of the present disclosure is used for upgrading crude bio oil.

This disclosure relates to red mud compositions. This disclosure also relates to methods of making red mud compositions. This disclosure additionally relates to methods of using red mud compositions.

Methods for producing lactams from oximes by performing a Beckmann rearrangement using a silicoaluminophosphate catalyst are provided. These catalysts may be used in gas phase or liquid phase reactions to convert oximes into lactams. High conversion of oxime and high selectivity for the desired lactams are produced using the disclosed methods, including high conversion and selectivity for -caprolactam produced from cyclohexanone oxime and high conversion and selectivity for -laurolactam produced from cyclododecanone oxime.