Methods, devices, and kits are provided for performing PCR in <20 seconds per cycle, with improved efficiency and yield.

Described are various embodiments of a reactive chemical exothermic heating element and system. The exothermic chemical heating element has a reactive solid holder having a channel therein with an exposed end. A reactive chemical is disposed in the channel and able to exothermically react with a suitable liquid, contained in a first vessel. On exposure to the suitable liquid, a gas is generated in the channel and a gas bubble emerges from the channel thereby limiting further suitable liquid from accessing the reactive chemical, and thus controlling the rate of the exothermic reaction and the energy released over a given time period to the suitable liquid. A second vessel may be disposed in the suitable liquid so as to heat any contents of the second vessel via a liquid bath of the second vessel.

Described are various embodiments of a reactive chemical exothermic heating element and system. The exothermic chemical heating element has a reactive solid holder having a channel therein with an exposed end. A reactive chemical is disposed in the channel and able to exothermically react with a suitable liquid, contained in a first vessel. On exposure to the suitable liquid, a gas is generated in the channel and a gas bubble emerges from the channel thereby limiting further suitable liquid from accessing the reactive chemical, and thus controlling the rate of the exothermic reaction and the energy released over a given time period to the suitable liquid. A second vessel may be disposed in the suitable liquid so as to heat any contents of the second vessel via a liquid bath of the second vessel.

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for synthesizing a reaction product and increasing yield of the same. In certain aspects, the invention provides a multi-mode reaction system in which in a first mode one or more valves of the system are configured to cause reagents to flow from one or more reagent reservoirs of the system through one or more components of the system to generate a reaction product; and in a second mode the one or more valves are configured to change flow within the system such that the one or more reagent reservoirs are isolated from a remainder of the system and the generated reaction product and any remaining reactants are recycled back through the multi-mode reaction system to increase a yield of the reaction product.

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for synthesizing a reaction product and increasing yield of the same. In certain aspects, the invention provides a multi-mode reaction system in which in a first mode one or more valves of the system are configured to cause reagents to flow from one or more reagent reservoirs of the system through one or more components of the system to generate a reaction product; and in a second mode the one or more valves are configured to change flow within the system such that the one or more reagent reservoirs are isolated from a remainder of the system and the generated reaction product and any remaining reactants are recycled back through the multi-mode reaction system to increase a yield of the reaction product.

A thermal cycling apparatus having a sample interfacing wall extending from a mounting wall. The sample interfacing wall can accept and apply thermal cycles to samples. An air source can direct an air stream to cool the sample. Another source can direct heated air away from the sample.

A thermal cycling apparatus having a sample interfacing wall extending from a mounting wall. The sample interfacing wall can accept and apply thermal cycles to samples. An air source can direct an air stream to cool the sample. Another source can direct heated air away from the sample.

Methods of pre-heating a test vessel prior to transfer of the test vessell to an incubator may shorten an incubation cycle, ensure proper temperature of a test specimen in the test vessel, and/or improve testing accuracy and/or throughput in a bio-liquid specimen testing apparatus. The methods include providing a test vessel pre-heating apparatus having a receptacle sized to receive a test vessel therein and having at least one heating unit configured to heat by direct conduction at least one side of the test vessel. The methods also include heating at least one side of the test vessel via direct contact using the at least one heating unit. Specimen testing apparatus and test vessel pre-heating apparatus configured to carry out the method are described, as are other aspects.

Methods of pre-heating a test vessel prior to transfer of the test vessell to an incubator may shorten an incubation cycle, ensure proper temperature of a test specimen in the test vessel, and/or improve testing accuracy and/or throughput in a bio-liquid specimen testing apparatus. The methods include providing a test vessel pre-heating apparatus having a receptacle sized to receive a test vessel therein and having at least one heating unit configured to heat by direct conduction at least one side of the test vessel. The methods also include heating at least one side of the test vessel via direct contact using the at least one heating unit. Specimen testing apparatus and test vessel pre-heating apparatus configured to carry out the method are described, as are other aspects.

The present disclosure discloses a gene sequencing reaction device, a gene sequencing system and a gene sequencing reaction method. The gene sequencing reaction device includes: a supporting platform (8); a dipping container disposed on the supporting platform (8), wherein the dipping container has a dipping reaction area, and the dipping reaction area is configured to hold a chemical reagent for gene sequencing reaction, so as to dip a sequencing chip (2) having a DNA sample loading structure on the surface and having a DNA sample loaded thereon in the chemical reagent to perform a gene sequencing reaction; a temperature control apparatus, configured to control the temperature of the chemical reagent in the dipping reaction area; and a transfer apparatus, configured to insert the sequencing chip (2) into the dipping reaction area or pull out the sequencing chip from the dipping reaction area. The gene sequencing reaction device may achieve a gene sequencing reaction process by dipping the sequencing chip in the chemical reagent.