A system may be configured to extract useful products from raw materials. Some systems include (1) a wet-grinding apparatus that includes (a) a conveyance for receiving and directing a slurry containing carrier liquids with suspended raw materials, (b) a high torque motor, (c) a motor drive operably coupled to be driven by the high torque motor (d) a set of flat grinding disks that include at least one rotor disk that is operably coupled to be driven by the motor drive, the set configured, when the at least one rotor disk is driven by the motor drive, to accept the slurry from the conveyance, to grind the suspended raw materials, and to discharge the slurry, and (2) a microwave with a microwave emitter configured to emit microwave radiation toward the slurry at least one of before, while, or after the slurry is ground by the wet-grinding apparatus.

A system may be configured to extract useful products from raw materials. Some systems include (1) a wet-grinding apparatus that includes (a) a conveyance for receiving and directing a slurry containing carrier liquids with suspended raw materials, (b) a high torque motor, (c) a motor drive operably coupled to be driven by the high torque motor (d) a set of flat grinding disks that include at least one rotor disk that is operably coupled to be driven by the motor drive, the set configured, when the at least one rotor disk is driven by the motor drive, to accept the slurry from the conveyance, to grind the suspended raw materials, and to discharge the slurry, and (2) a microwave with a microwave emitter configured to emit microwave radiation toward the slurry at least one of before, while, or after the slurry is ground by the wet-grinding apparatus.

A mill housing of a pulverizer system. The mill housing may include a cutting chamber, and a plurality of air intake holes configured to introduce airflow into and in a direction tangential to the cutting chamber. The plurality of air intake holes may include two or more single air intake holes, two or more single air intake slots, or one or more groupings of air intake holes, spaced evenly around an exterior surface of the mill housing. Each of the one or more groupings of air intake holes may include two or more vertically aligned air intake holes. The holes, slots, or groupings of holes may be machined into the mill housing exterior at an angle so as to allow the intake of air to enter the mill housing tangentially to the circumference of the cutting chamber, resulting in a more polished particulate having a higher density and increased flowability.

A mill housing of a pulverizer system. The mill housing may include a cutting chamber, and a plurality of air intake holes configured to introduce airflow into and in a direction tangential to the cutting chamber. The plurality of air intake holes may include two or more single air intake holes, two or more single air intake slots, or one or more groupings of air intake holes, spaced evenly around an exterior surface of the mill housing. Each of the one or more groupings of air intake holes may include two or more vertically aligned air intake holes. The holes, slots, or groupings of holes may be machined into the mill housing exterior at an angle so as to allow the intake of air to enter the mill housing tangentially to the circumference of the cutting chamber, resulting in a more polished particulate having a higher density and increased flowability.

Disclosed is a refiner filling piece for a refiner having a rotor that rotates about an axis of rotation and cooperates with a stator to mechanically treat a pulp containing cellulosic fibers. The refiner filling piece is mountable to the rotor or the stator. The refiner filling piece comprises a base and a plurality of spaced-apart refiner bars, each refiner bar being defined by a bar length and a bar height. At least some of the refiner bars have a surface coated with a variable coating. The surface having the variable coating may be the leading surface of the bar.

Disclosed is a refiner filling piece for a refiner having a rotor that rotates about an axis of rotation and cooperates with a stator to mechanically treat a pulp containing cellulosic fibers. The refiner filling piece is mountable to the rotor or the stator. The refiner filling piece comprises a base and a plurality of spaced-apart refiner bars, each refiner bar being defined by a bar length and a bar height. At least some of the refiner bars have a surface coated with a variable coating. The surface having the variable coating may be the leading surface of the bar.

A system may be configured to extract useful products from raw materials. Some systems include (1) a wet-grinding apparatus that includes (a) a conveyance for receiving and directing a slurry containing carrier liquids with suspended raw materials, (b) a high torque motor, (c) a motor drive operably coupled to be driven by the high torque motor (d) a set of flat grinding disks that include at least one rotor disk that is operably coupled to be driven by the motor drive, the set configured, when the at least one rotor disk is driven by the motor drive, to accept the slurry from the conveyance, to grind the suspended raw materials, and to discharge the slurry, and (2) a microwave with a microwave emitter configured to emit microwave radiation toward the slurry at least one of before, while, or after the slurry is ground by the wet-grinding apparatus.

A system may be configured to extract useful products from raw materials. Some systems include (1) a wet-grinding apparatus that includes (a) a conveyance for receiving and directing a slurry containing carrier liquids with suspended raw materials, (b) a high torque motor, (c) a motor drive operably coupled to be driven by the high torque motor (d) a set of flat grinding disks that include at least one rotor disk that is operably coupled to be driven by the motor drive, the set configured, when the at least one rotor disk is driven by the motor drive, to accept the slurry from the conveyance, to grind the suspended raw materials, and to discharge the slurry, and (2) a microwave with a microwave emitter configured to emit microwave radiation toward the slurry at least one of before, while, or after the slurry is ground by the wet-grinding apparatus.

A refiner for beating a raw material supplied between a stator beating part and a rotor beating part, and discharging the beaten raw material, the refiner including a rotating shaft, the rotor beating part attached to the rotating shaft, a motor configured to drive the rotating shaft; and a motor control part configured to variably control a rotation of the motor. The rotation of the motor of the rotor beating part is controlled by the motor control part to beat the raw material.

A refiner for beating a raw material supplied between a stator beating part and a rotor beating part, and discharging the beaten raw material, the refiner including a rotating shaft, the rotor beating part attached to the rotating shaft, a motor configured to drive the rotating shaft; and a motor control part configured to variably control a rotation of the motor. The rotation of the motor of the rotor beating part is controlled by the motor control part to beat the raw material.