According to the present invention fragmented material 2, e.g. made from a material having Polyamides, is passing through a liquid bath 6 filled with liquid nitrogen 7 to cool the fragmented material 2 before entering a mill 10 for grinding the fragmented material 2. The fragmented material 2 is moved through the liquid bath 6 by exciting mechanical vibrations in the liquid bath 6 e.g. by a vibrational motor 28 coupled to the liquid bath 6 and/or an ultrasonic resonator 26 attached to the liquid bath 6. The invention allows to grind even materials being difficult to grind by reaching a temperature of −150° C. and less before entering the mill 10 while avoiding a direct cooling e.g, by introducing liquid nitrogen directly into the mill 10.

Disclosed is a method for separating nanodiamond clusters synthesized by a detonation method having a size of 100 nm˜1,000 nm into nanodiamonds of 100 nm or less—more specifically, into uniformly sized nanodiamonds in the range of 5 nm˜50 nm, free of metal and alkaline impurities and ready to quantitatively attach functional groups on the surface of the nanodiamonds for applications such as thin film precursor materials, drug delivery systems and cosmetics compositions.

Disclosed is a method for separating nanodiamond clusters synthesized by a detonation method having a size of 100 nm˜1,000 nm into nanodiamonds of 100 nm or less—more specifically, into uniformly sized nanodiamonds in the range of 5 nm˜50 nm, free of metal and alkaline impurities and ready to quantitatively attach functional groups on the surface of the nanodiamonds for applications such as thin film precursor materials, drug delivery systems and cosmetics compositions.

The present invention provides an application method for cold field plasma discharge assisted high energy ball milled powder and a plasma assisted high energy ball milling device using the method for cold field plasma high energy ball milled powder. The present invention generates plasma by using dielectric barrier discharge and introducing a dielectric barrier discharge electrode bar into a high-speed vibrating ball milling tank, which requires that, on one hand, a solid insulation medium on the outer layer of the electrode bar can simultaneously bear high-voltage discharge and mechanical shock failure of the grinding ball, and on the other hand, the high-speed vibrating ball milling device can uniformly process the powder. Based on the ordinary ball milling technology, the discharge space pressure is set to a non-thermal equilibrium discharge state with a pressure of about 10.sup.2 to 10.sup.6 Pa, discharge plasmas are introduced to input another kind of effective energy to the processed powder, so as to accelerate refinement of the powder to be processed and promote the alloying process under the combined action of the mechanical stress effect and the thermal effect of the external electric field, thereby greatly improving the processing efficiency and the effect of the ball mill.

The present invention provides an application method for cold field plasma discharge assisted high energy ball milled powder and a plasma assisted high energy ball milling device using the method for cold field plasma high energy ball milled powder. The present invention generates plasma by using dielectric barrier discharge and introducing a dielectric barrier discharge electrode bar into a high-speed vibrating ball milling tank, which requires that, on one hand, a solid insulation medium on the outer layer of the electrode bar can simultaneously bear high-voltage discharge and mechanical shock failure of the grinding ball, and on the other hand, the high-speed vibrating ball milling device can uniformly process the powder. Based on the ordinary ball milling technology, the discharge space pressure is set to a non-thermal equilibrium discharge state with a pressure of about 10.sup.2 to 10.sup.6 Pa, discharge plasmas are introduced to input another kind of effective energy to the processed powder, so as to accelerate refinement of the powder to be processed and promote the alloying process under the combined action of the mechanical stress effect and the thermal effect of the external electric field, thereby greatly improving the processing efficiency and the effect of the ball mill.

The present invention provides a coating material that allows a structure with void spaces having a strength and flexibility to be formed. The coating material of the present invention includes: pulverized products of a gelled silicon compound obtained from a silicon compound containing at least three or less functional groups having saturated bonds; and a dispersion medium, wherein the pulverized product contains a residual silanol group. The method of producing a coating material according to the present invention includes steps of: causing gelation of a silicon compound containing at least three or less functional groups having saturated bonds and mixing the gelled silicon compound and a dispersion medium. According to the coating material of the present invention, for example, a coating film is formed by coating a base with the coating material and a porous structure is formed by chemically bonding the pulverized products contained in the coating film.

A disassembling apparatus that shatters an object by means of pulsed discharge includes a container that can be filled with a liquid, an anode that is disposed within the container, a cathode that is disposed such that the object can be placed so as to straddle the anode and the cathode, object scattering prevention means that encloses an object disassembling region above the anode and the cathode, and a pulsed power supply that applies a high voltage pulse between the anode and the cathode.

A disassembling apparatus that shatters an object by means of pulsed discharge includes a container that can be filled with a liquid, an anode that is disposed within the container, a cathode that is disposed such that the object can be placed so as to straddle the anode and the cathode, object scattering prevention means that encloses an object disassembling region above the anode and the cathode, and a pulsed power supply that applies a high voltage pulse between the anode and the cathode.

A fluid cleaning system for cleaning contaminated water sources via at least one cleaning process. The system includes at least one solids dissociation apparatus that includes a housing, at least one insert operably engaged with the housing and is adapted to receive a continuous fluid stream, and a transducer operably engaged with the housing and is disposed about the at least one insert at a distance away from said at least one insert inside of the housing. The transducer is configured to create cavitation, via sonic waves, to eviscerate contaminants in the continuous fluid stream. The system also includes at least one solids separation apparatus operably connected with the at least one fluid treatment apparatus for receiving the eviscerated contaminants provided in the fluid stream. The at least one solids separation apparatus is adapted to separate the eviscerate contaminants from the fluid stream for at least one separation process.

A method for treating process material using a plurality of autoclaves. The method includes: introducing steam into a hollow interior of a first autoclave; increasing the temperature within the hollow interior of the first autoclave by adding heat to the hollow interior of the first autoclave using an indirect heat source; reducing the temperature and pressure within the hollow interior of the first autoclave by flashing a portion of the steam within the hollow interior of the first autoclave to a second autoclave; increasing the temperature within the hollow interior of the first autoclave by continuing to add heat to the hollow interior of first autoclave using the indirect heat source; and reducing a moisture content of a process material in the hollow interior of the first autoclave to a predetermined value by venting a remaining portion of the steam from the first autoclave into a third autoclave.