Compositions and methods for grinding inorganic particles, such as cement, cement clinker, limestone, or other inorganic particles, involving a grinding efficiency enhancing additive comprising a crude glycerin byproduct, obtained through the use of heterogeneous catalyst processes in biodiesel fuel production. The molecules generated through the use of such heterogeneous catalytic processes result in a crude glycerin that confers good additive formulation stability, while avoiding or minimizing large quantities of undesirable compounds such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and salts.

A process for enhancing mining processes and in particular to the combination of anionic grinding aids with cationic flocculating agents, an anionic flocculant containing sulphonated and/or carboxylated groups, a terpolymer and combinations thereof at the flocculating stage in mineral ore processing applications, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of mining processes particularly in the grinding and flocculating of the mineral ore slurry.

A process for enhancing mining processes and in particular to the combination of anionic grinding aids with cationic flocculating agents, an anionic flocculant containing sulphonated and/or carboxylated groups, a terpolymer and combinations thereof at the flocculating stage in mineral ore processing applications, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of mining processes particularly in the grinding and flocculating of the mineral ore slurry.

Provided are processes of preventing or eliminating caking of particulate materials during milling operations. Processes include the addition of a milling additive such as a rosin, abietic acid, fatty acid, or derivative of any of the foregoing to a mill prior to or along with a particulate chemical, and milling the combination. The addition of the milling additive prevents or reduces the amount of caking observed thereby increasing yields and maintaining or enhancing the resulting properties of the milled product.

Method for grinding a solid in a vertical roller mill (VRM) and a cement composition prepared by the disclosed methods. A method comprises grinding a solid comprising a cement clinker under a water spray in the presence of a grinding stabilizing additive, wherein the grinding stabilizing additive comprises: (i) an alkanol amino acid compound or a disodium or dipotassium salt thereof having the structural formula:

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(ii) a glycol; or a mixture of (i) and (ii), wherein the water spray level is reduced by at least 5% compared to a control. Cement compositions prepared by the disclosed methods have the pre-hydration level (W.sub.k) equal to or less than 1.5%. The values and preferred values of R.sup.1-3 are disclosed herein.

Systems and methods for generation of lime hydrate compounds and particularly highly reactive hydrated lime (HRH) with a reduced resistivity through the inclusion of a sodium compound generally in the slaking water used in generating the lime hydrate or HRH. The compound may then be used in systems which include a Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) for SO.sub.2 mitigation without many of the associated problems in ESP performance.

A system for preparing a medicinal substance containing full spectrum of therapeutically desirable substances in naturally occurring proportions found in hemp plants, carried out by grinding a whole hemp plant to produce fine particles material, and exposing the fine particles material to an elevated pressure (11 PSI-15 PSI) and a reaction temperature maintained in a range of 230 F-250 F which is below a boiling point of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, thus providing enhanced conditions for solvent-free extraction of the therapeutically desirable substances and diffusing the extracted substances into the carrier oil at an enhanced rate. Thus producing an infused oil final product containing a full spectrum phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in naturally occurring proportions.

A system for preparing a medicinal substance containing full spectrum of therapeutically desirable substances in naturally occurring proportions found in hemp plants, carried out by grinding a whole hemp plant to produce fine particles material, and exposing the fine particles material to an elevated pressure (11 PSI-15 PSI) and a reaction temperature maintained in a range of 230 F-250 F which is below a boiling point of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, thus providing enhanced conditions for solvent-free extraction of the therapeutically desirable substances and diffusing the extracted substances into the carrier oil at an enhanced rate. Thus producing an infused oil final product containing a full spectrum phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in naturally occurring proportions.

The present invention pertains to the discovery that short chain aliphatic fatty acids, such as potassium sorbate, can be used in liquid-additive grinding compositions in the amount of at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, and most preferably at least 30%, to mill carbonate materials into smaller particle size. The carbonate material can optionally be combined with another inorganic material in the grinding operation, such as limestone, lime, dolomites, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, and kaolin, ceramics, and cement clinker. The use of the particularly described grinding additive composition are food-grade or food-contact approved, and are believed by the present inventors to resist the humectant behavior of the resultant ground particles which could in herently otherwise decrease efficiency of the particulate grinding process.

The present invention pertains to the discovery that short chain aliphatic fatty acids, such as potassium sorbate, can be used in liquid-additive grinding compositions in the amount of at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, and most preferably at least 30%, to mill carbonate materials into smaller particle size. The carbonate material can optionally be combined with another inorganic material in the grinding operation, such as limestone, lime, dolomites, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, and kaolin, ceramics, and cement clinker. The use of the particularly described grinding additive composition are food-grade or food-contact approved, and are believed by the present inventors to resist the humectant behavior of the resultant ground particles which could in herently otherwise decrease efficiency of the particulate grinding process.