Disclosed herein is a flue pipe system comprising a flue pipe, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a voltage supply. The flue pipe can define a fluid flow path through an interior volume of the flue pipe. The voltage supply can be connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode. The voltage supply can form a first electrical circuit comprising the voltage supply, the first electrode, and the third electrode and a second electrical circuit comprising the voltage supply, the second electrode, and the third electrode. The first electrical circuit can form a streamer corona discharge between the first electrode and the third electrode in the interior volume such that the fluid flow path flows therethrough. The second electrical circuit can form a flow of ions between the second electrode and the third electrode along the interior surface of the flue pipe.

Burning of hydrocarbon fuels in a combustion engine creates pollutants that include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and various hydrocarbons. Catalytic converter which is designed to reduce such pollutants relies on precious metal catalysts like platinum. There is an ongoing need to find more effective methods of pollution control as well as cheaper alternatives to precious metals. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics of exhaust gases. Some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas exhibit positive electron affinity. Such pollutants are converted to negative ions by providing extra electrons. Many of the pollutants have charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with the ions. They are attracted to the ions to form clusters. Pollutant clusters formed as such are separated from the rest of the exhaust gas by electric and/or magnetic forces.

Burning of hydrocarbon fuels in a combustion engine creates pollutants that include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and various hydrocarbons. Catalytic converter which is designed to reduce such pollutants relies on precious metal catalysts like platinum. There is an ongoing need to find more effective methods of pollution control as well as cheaper alternatives to precious metals. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics of exhaust gases. Some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas exhibit positive electron affinity. Such pollutants are converted to negative ions by providing extra electrons. Many of the pollutants have charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with the ions. They are attracted to the ions to form clusters. Pollutant clusters formed as such are separated from the rest of the exhaust gas by electric and/or magnetic forces.

An improved air filter bag comprising a height from about 35 cm to about 50 cm; a nominal diameter from about 10 to about 40 cm; and a first taper angle from about 65? to about 83? is provided.

Known wet electrostatic precipitators are large and inefficient. The present invention enables the production of smaller, more efficient and long lasting wet electrostatic precipitators by the addition of a central bore in the inner electrode through which a first purge flow is passed and directed into the precipitator chamber, perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas to be treated through the chamber to urge the particulate into the water curtain. A second, larger, cleaning purge flow is also provided to disturb the water curtain such that it cleans the inner electrode of any deposited particulate.

Known wet electrostatic precipitators are large and inefficient. The present invention enables the production of smaller, more efficient and long lasting wet electrostatic precipitators by the addition of a central bore in the inner electrode through which a first purge flow is passed and directed into the precipitator chamber, perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas to be treated through the chamber to urge the particulate into the water curtain. A second, larger, cleaning purge flow is also provided to disturb the water curtain such that it cleans the inner electrode of any deposited particulate.

An electrostatic filter, for filtering solid and liquid particles in gases composed of a case (3); concentric collectors (15), concentric diffusers (10); electrodes (2); insulated supports (7), distributor disc (8), thermal insulator (17), electrical resistors (4), main collector (9), filter cap (1); the concentric diffusers (10) host along their internal and external wall the electrodes (2); the insulated supports connect the filter cap (1) to the distributor disc (8) which in turn supports the concentric diffusers (10); the electrical resistors (4) are located around the case (3) as clamps and are covered by the thermal insulator (17); so that the gas flows through the filter from the filter inlet (14) located tangentially at the external face of the case (3), towards the insulated outlet (5) located in the central part between the distributor disc (8) and the filter cap (1), thus optimizing the space and surface of the constituent materials and a very high filtration efficiency of liquid and solid micron particles contained in gases at any temperature up to 900 C.

A continuous heating furnace includes one or a plurality of closed type gas heaters each having a combustion chamber, a guide section that guides an exhaust gas, an exhaust hole that discharges the exhaust gas and a first radiation surface that extends in a direction perpendicular to a baking object conveyance direction wherein the first radiation surface is heated by combustion in the combustion chamber and heat from the guide section and transfers radiant heat to the baking object. The continuous heating furnace also has at least one exhaust heat transfer unit that is juxtaposed with a corresponding closed type gas heater in the conveyance direction, wherein the at least one exhaust heat transfer unit has a second radiation surface that communicates with the exhaust hole of a closed type gas heater and is heated by the exhaust gas, and a heat transfer acceleration unit that accelerates heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface in a direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the second radiation surface.

An exhaust gas treatment system includes a cooling tower in which exhaust gas including carbon dioxide is cooled, an absorption tower into which an absorption liquid capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in exhaust gas is introduced and in which the absorption liquid absorbs carbon dioxide in exhaust gas that has gone through the cooling tower, a regeneration tower in which the absorption liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide is heated, carbon dioxide is separated from the absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid is regenerated, a wet-type electric dust collector in which suspended particulate matter including SO.sub.3 included in exhaust gas is charged such that the suspended particulate matter is captured, a detection unit, and a control device. The control device includes a charge output adjustment unit which adjusts a charge output in the wet-type electric dust collector.

An exhaust gas treatment system includes a cooling tower in which exhaust gas including carbon dioxide is cooled, an absorption tower into which an absorption liquid capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in exhaust gas is introduced and in which the absorption liquid absorbs carbon dioxide in exhaust gas that has gone through the cooling tower, a regeneration tower in which the absorption liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide is heated, carbon dioxide is separated from the absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid is regenerated, a wet-type electric dust collector in which suspended particulate matter including SO.sub.3 included in exhaust gas is charged such that the suspended particulate matter is captured, a detection unit, and a control device. The control device includes a charge output adjustment unit which adjusts a charge output in the wet-type electric dust collector.