This disclosure relates generally to selective flocculation, and more particularly to portable test-device for performing selective flocculation experiments in continuous mode. The test-device includes a slurry inflow system, a flocculant tank, a static mixer, a control pumping system, and a thickener system. The static mixer is connected to the slurry inflow system and the flocculant tank, to receive and mix flocculant solution and slurry and cause formation of floc. The control pumping system connects the flocculant tank and the slurry inflow system to the static mixer to control the control parameters responsible for pumping the slurry and flocculant solution in the continuous mode in the static mixer. The thickener system comprises a thickener tank to receive treated slurry and the floc from the static mixer, separately collect tailings and the floc from the thickening tank. The components of the portable test-device are removably connected to each other.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods and processes for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from wet-process phosphoric acid that may contain Cd, including excessive amounts of Cd. The process developed is based on the application of commercially available ion exchange resins with the application of Continuous Ion Exchange (CIX) technology. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes and methods for the recovery and/or the removal of cadmium from wet-process phosphoric acid using a continuous ion exchange approach. In alternative embodiments, use of processes and methods as provided herein allows for the reduction of cadmium metal contaminants with minimal phosphate losses and dilution in order to produce a phosphoric acid that is suitable for the production of fertilizers and phosphoric acid products, such as world-class diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), merchant-grade phosphoric acid, super-phosphoric acid, and other phosphoric acid products.

A process for separating clean water which has an impurities content of less than 100 ppm from waste materials such as farm manure is disclosed. In a first step, a plate separator splits the waste material stream into a first effluent fraction and a first solids fraction. The first solids fraction then undergoes two stages of pressing to increase the solids contents to about 30 to 40 percent which makes it suitable for granulation or pelletizing. The first effluent fraction is treated in successive stages with various chemical agents resulting in the removal of most of the solids and inorganic impurities from the effluent to achieve drinkable water purity.

A portable unit and associated processing are described for clarifying process water used in oil and gas operations such as fracking or drill-out operations. In the portable unit, dirty water (402) is introduced into a clarifier (400). The dirty water (402) is directed to a bottom of the clarifier (400) where dissolved air 408 from a dissolved air flotation pump (410) is injected into the water (402). The water (402) then passes across the inclined plates (412). Particles are separated from the water (402) via interaction with the plates (412) and directed to collectors (414), at the bottom of the clarifier (404), by gravitation. In addition, a floc, enhanced by the injection of the dissolved air (408), is skimmed from the water surface. The result of this process flow is clarified water (430) that can be returned to the frack and post-frack completion process.

The present invention discloses a process of disposal of tailings in piles stemming from the iron ore processing method, replacing dams, and comprising the steps of thickening the ultra-fine tailings, thickening the sandy tailings, mixing the tailings in the proportion of 80 to 90% by weight of sandy tailings and 10 to 20% by weight of ultra-fine tailings, addition of coagulant, addition of flocculant, filtering the mixture and piling the filtered tailings. Unlike traditional processes, this invention promotes an economically and technically feasible tailing disposal process that can be added to any conventional iron ore concentration plant without the need for any change in the process flowchart.

A dispersion for use with an effluent treatment system, and methods of making and using such a dispersion, whereby the dispersion includes an amount of polymer substantially uniformly dispersed within an aqueous solvent; wherein the dispersion is generated by combining an amount of gas with the amount of polymer and the aqueous solvent, the amount of gas effective to substantially uniformly disperse the amount of polymer within the aqueous solvent.

A dispersion for use with an effluent treatment system, and methods of making and using such a dispersion, whereby the dispersion includes an amount of polymer substantially uniformly dispersed within an aqueous solvent; wherein the dispersion is generated by combining an amount of gas with the amount of polymer and the aqueous solvent, the amount of gas effective to substantially uniformly disperse the amount of polymer within the aqueous solvent.

A dispersion for use with an effluent treatment system, and methods of making and using such a dispersion, whereby the dispersion includes an amount of polymer substantially uniformly dispersed within an aqueous solvent; wherein the dispersion is generated by combining an amount of gas with the amount of polymer and the aqueous solvent, the amount of gas effective to substantially uniformly disperse the amount of polymer within the aqueous solvent.