An indirectly heated capillary aerosol generator comprises a capillary tube adapted to form an aerosol when liquid material in the capillary tube is heated to volatilize at least some of the liquid material therein and a thermally conductive material in thermal contact with the capillary tube. The indirectly heated capillary aerosol generator provides substantially even and uniform heating across the heated length of the capillary tube.

An indirectly heated capillary aerosol generator comprises a capillary tube adapted to form an aerosol when liquid material in the capillary tube is heated to volatilize at least some of the liquid material therein and a thermally conductive material in thermal contact with the capillary tube. The indirectly heated capillary aerosol generator provides substantially even and uniform heating across the heated length of the capillary tube.

Deterioration of a shaped object is prevented. There is provided an optical processing nozzle including an optical system in which a condensing point is adjusted to a processing point, a first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes that discharges, to the processing point, a material/purge gas fluid mixture obtained by mixing a purge gas in a powder processing material, and a second set of purge gas discharge pipes that discharges a purge gas having a purge function to the first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes, each of the fluid mixture discharge pipes of the first set being associated with each of the purge gas discharge pipes of the second set.

Deterioration of a shaped object is prevented. There is provided an optical processing nozzle including an optical system in which a condensing point is adjusted to a processing point, a first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes that discharges, to the processing point, a material/purge gas fluid mixture obtained by mixing a purge gas in a powder processing material, and a second set of purge gas discharge pipes that discharges a purge gas having a purge function to the first set of fluid mixture discharge pipes, each of the fluid mixture discharge pipes of the first set being associated with each of the purge gas discharge pipes of the second set.

Systems and methods for semiconductor fabrication are described. A spin coater comprises a spin chuck, a nozzle, a nozzle housing, a purge gas supply, and an organic solvent supply. The nozzle housing includes a lower housing including a solvent storage groove in which the organic solvent is stored, and an upper housing on the lower housing. The upper housing includes a nozzle insert hole on the solvent storage groove and receives the nozzle, and a gas supply hole connected to one side of the nozzle insert hole.

A telescopic vehicle surface cleaning device comprising a washing unit, the washing unit comprising a nozzle carrier housing, a nozzle carrier and at least one fluid nozzle with at least one nozzle aperture, the nozzle carrier being movable relative to the nozzle carrier housing between first and second positions, the first position being a rest position and the second position being an extended position, the device further comprising a heating unit, the heating unit being configured as a heating sub assembly of the device and the heating unit comprising a heating element carrier with an electrically resistive heating element, the heating element carrier being fixed relative to the nozzle carrier housing and being configured such that the heating element is arranged in front of and adjacent to the nozzle aperture in the rest position of the nozzle carrier such that an air gap remains between a heating surface of the heating element and the nozzle aperture.

A telescopic vehicle surface cleaning device comprising a washing unit, the washing unit comprising a nozzle carrier housing, a nozzle carrier and at least one fluid nozzle with at least one nozzle aperture, the nozzle carrier being movable relative to the nozzle carrier housing between first and second positions, the first position being a rest position and the second position being an extended position, the device further comprising a heating unit, the heating unit being configured as a heating sub assembly of the device and the heating unit comprising a heating element carrier with an electrically resistive heating element, the heating element carrier being fixed relative to the nozzle carrier housing and being configured such that the heating element is arranged in front of and adjacent to the nozzle aperture in the rest position of the nozzle carrier such that an air gap remains between a heating surface of the heating element and the nozzle aperture.

An apparatus for the intermittent application of a liquid to pasty medium onto an application surface, comprising an application valve which can be switched between an open and a closed state and is intended for dispensing the medium onto the application surface, a volumetric delivery pump for metering a volume of the medium to be passed on to the application valve, and a drive for operating the volumetric delivery pump is, inter alia, described and illustrated. The characteristic feature consists in that the apparatus has an electronic controller which, in each case cyclically, activates the drive and the application valve in dependence on each other.

An apparatus for the intermittent application of a liquid to pasty medium onto an application surface, comprising an application valve which can be switched between an open and a closed state and is intended for dispensing the medium onto the application surface, a volumetric delivery pump for metering a volume of the medium to be passed on to the application valve, and a drive for operating the volumetric delivery pump is, inter alia, described and illustrated. The characteristic feature consists in that the apparatus has an electronic controller which, in each case cyclically, activates the drive and the application valve in dependence on each other.

Corrosion on industrial infrastructures can be prevented or arrested using a multi-stage system and method having an optional epoxy primer, a thermoplastic layer, a self-amalgamating water-cure wrap, and a top coat of epoxy. The resulting impervious barrier resists corrosion and withstands abuse from the elements.