The disclosed spray deposition systems and methods use spray charging and discharging techniques to assist with digital deposition of spray droplets on a substrate. For example, the disclosed systems and methods have a charging system that generates spray droplets from a spray generator and charges the droplets. Focusing electrodes help to collimate the droplets into a tight droplet stream and, optionally, steering electrodes help direct the tight droplet stream. A charge removal system neutralizes or removes the charge from the droplets, either during the deposition of the droplets on a substrate or after the droplets have been deposited on a substrate.

A cosmetic treatment method includes: applying, to skin or hair, an external preparation including a predetermined active ingredient and a base, and at least one of the active ingredient and the base contains fine water that is uncharged and has a particle size of less than or equal to 50 nanometers. Therefore, the applied fine water enters the skin or hair to contribute to maintenance of moisturization, and at the same time, forms a route through which the active ingredient permeates, thereby promoting the permeation of the active ingredient; therefore, the permeability of the active ingredient can be more appropriately improved.