A method for producing a wearable coating having a solid material fixed on skin, the method comprising: A) a step of placing one or more solid materials selected from the group consisting of a powder, a granule, a film, a fiber, a flat material, and a cubic material other than these, on a skin surface; B) a step of, after the step A), electrostatically spraying a composition X comprising the following component (a) and the following component (b) directly on the skin to thereby form a coating on the skin surface: (a) one or more volatile substances selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, and a ketone, and (b) a polymer having a coating forming ability; and after the step B) or before the step A), C) a step of applying a composition Y, other than the composition X, comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of the following component (c) and the following component (d) to the skin: (c) an adhesive polymer, and (d) an oil.

An electrohydrodynamic atomizer (Z), as well as a method for operating an electrohydrodynamic atomizer wherein the atomizer comprises an atomizer unit (ZE) and a fluid tank (1),

and the atomizer unit comprises the assemblies which are necessary for electrohydrodynamic atomization,
wherein at least one assembly comprises a high voltage generator (HV) which provides the high voltage which is necessary for the electrohydrodynamic atomization,
and at least one assembly comprises a pump system (P) in order to deliver the fluid which is to be atomized to an atomizer nozzle unit (D),
wherein the atomizer unit comprises an assembly with an electronic controller (S), in particular with at least one processor unit,
and wherein the fluid tank (1) comprises a data memory (10), wherein a means for exchanging data is formed between the fluid tank (1) and at least one assembly of the atomizer unit.

Disclosed herein are nano-encapsulated compositions and systems and methods of preparing the same. The compositions may be obtained through co-axial electrospraying with pulsating voltage. The nano-encapsulated composition exhibit improved pharmacokinetic properties. Various embodiments include systems and methods that apply a constant voltage and/or a pulsating voltage at a frequency to a plate having co-axial outlets through which a core solution and capsule solution flow. In some implementations, the pulsating voltage fluctuates between a minimum pulsating voltage and a maximum pulsating voltage, wherein the minimum pulsating voltage is 0 KV or greater and the maximum pulsating voltage is greater than 0 KV and the minimum pulsating voltage. The constant voltage is greater than 0 KV, and a total maximum applied voltage to the plate is the sum of the maximum pulsating voltage and the constant voltage.

A method for applying a cosmetic substance to the skin of a person, using a device for electrostatically spraying the cosmetic substance. The device has a container, a nozzle arrangement, a conveyor device, a high-voltage source, a processor for processing measurement values, data and/or reference values, a storage device and a transmitting and receiving unit for transmitting the measurement values, data and/or reference values to an external data processing device and/or for receiving further measurement values, data and/or reference values from the external data processing device.

A method for applying a cosmetic substance to the skin of a person, using a device for electrostatically spraying the cosmetic substance. The device has a container, a nozzle arrangement, a conveyor device, a high-voltage source, a processor for processing measurement values, data and/or reference values, a storage device and a transmitting and receiving unit for transmitting the measurement values, data and/or reference values to an external data processing device and/or for receiving further measurement values, data and/or reference values from the external data processing device.

A method for the function control of an electrohydrodynamic atomizer (20), wherein an electrohydrodynamically atomized fluid (23), originating from the atomizer (20), is applied to a body, e.g. a person, in order to coat this body at least in certain areas, wherein the atomizer (20) comprises a fluid tank for storing the fluid (23) and at least one high voltage source for making available a high voltage and at least one pump unit for transporting the fluid, wherein the fluid (23) is delivered to a nozzle arrangement of the atomizer (20) by means of the pump unit, and wherein the fluid (23) is atomized electrohydrodynamically at the nozzle arrangement by means of the effect of the high voltage from the high voltage source, wherein a voltage and/or a current at the high voltage source is evaluated in order to acquire a working point of the high voltage source via a current/voltage characteristic curve.

An electrodischarge apparatus has a nozzle that includes a discharge chamber that has an inlet for receiving a liquid and an outlet. The apparatus has a first electrode extending into the discharge chamber that is electrically connected to one or more high-voltage capacitors. A second electrode is proximate to the first electrode to define a gap between the first and second electrodes. A switch causes the one or more capacitors to discharge across the gap between the electrodes to create a plasma bubble which expands to form a shockwave that escapes from the nozzle ahead of the plasma bubble.

An electrostatic spinning device including a nozzle that sprays spinning liquid that has been charged; a switch that controls spray operation of the spinning liquid; and a housing that includes a bulging portion and a grip portion for grip of the user, the bulging portion bulging outward from a virtual line connecting a tip of the nozzle and an end of the switch on a side of the nozzle, an angle formed by an axis of the nozzle and an axis of the grip portion being 45 degrees or more.

This invention relates to method and system for forming a film. The method including providing a trough containing water defining an air-water interface between air and the water; providing a solution containing a material of interest; and electrospraying the solution onto the air-water interface of water to form a film of the material of interest at the air-water interface. The system includes a trough containing water defining an air-water interface between air and the water; and means for spreading a solution containing a material of interest onto the air-water interface of water by electrospray, to form a film of the material of interest at the air-water interface. The spreading means comprises an electrospraying device.

This invention relates to method and system for forming a film. The method including providing a trough containing water defining an air-water interface between air and the water; providing a solution containing a material of interest; and electrospraying the solution onto the air-water interface of water to form a film of the material of interest at the air-water interface. The system includes a trough containing water defining an air-water interface between air and the water; and means for spreading a solution containing a material of interest onto the air-water interface of water by electrospray, to form a film of the material of interest at the air-water interface. The spreading means comprises an electrospraying device.