The present application relates to cellulose nanocrystals and other anionic carbohydrates and methods of preparation thereof. Specifically, in certain embodiments, the cellulose nanocrystals are modified using ion exchange technology to yield thermally stable or task-specific, dispersible cellulose nanocrystals.

The present application relates to cellulose nanocrystals and other anionic carbohydrates and methods of preparation thereof. Specifically, in certain embodiments, the cellulose nanocrystals are modified using ion exchange technology to yield thermally stable or task-specific, dispersible cellulose nanocrystals.

A method for preparing a ratiometric electrochemical miR3123 aptasensor based on a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) composite doped with black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) and thionine (TH) is provided. TH/Cu-MOF is prepared by reacting TH with Cu-MOF precursor, and BPNSs/TH/Cu-MOF is prepared by drop coating the BPNSs and drop coated onto an electrode. A ferrocene (Fc)-labeled single-stranded DNA aptamer is adsorbed on the BPNSs to prepare aptamer-BPNSs/TH/Cu-MOF. Target molecule miR3123 is bonded with the single-stranded DNA aptamer Fc-DNA, Fc-DNA is forced to escape from the BPNSs. Electrochemical signals of Fc are, therefore, weakened while TH signals are slightly affected. The ratiometric electrochemical miR3123 aptasensor is constructed by fitting a linear relationship between peak current intensity ratios I.sub.Fc/I.sub.TH and concentrations of the miR3123.

A mist generating apparatus sprays a surface of an object (P) to be treated with a carrier gas (CGS) of mist (Mst) of a solution containing fine particles or molecules of a material substance, so that a layer of the material substance is deposited on the surface of the object (P) to be treated. The mist generating device includes a mist generator (14) for atomizing the solution to feed the carrier gas (CGS) containing the mist (Mst), and an ultraviolet irradiator (20B) for applying ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 400 nm or lower to the mist (Mst) floating in the carrier gas (CGS) in a flow path extending from the mist generator (14) until the carrier gas (CGS) is sprayed on the surface of the object (P) to be treated.

In the present invention, an infrared radiation apparatus is disposed at a position apart from a conveyor in a lower chamber. The infrared radiation apparatus performs heating treatment for a plurality of substrates placed on an upper surface of a belt by radiating infrared light upwardly from a plurality of infrared lamps. In a film forming chamber, a thin film is formed on the substrates placed on the upper surface of the belt by simultaneously performing the heating treatment of infrared radiation of the infrared radiation apparatus and mist spray treatment of a thin film forming nozzle.

A high speed granule delivery system and method is disclosed for dispensing granules in intermittent patterns onto a moving asphalt coated strip in the manufacture of roofing shingles. The system includes a granule hopper and a rotationally indexable pocket wheel in the bottom of the hopper. A series of pockets are formed in the circumference of the wheel and the pockets are separated by raised lands. A seal on the bottom of the hopper seals against the raised lands as the wheel is indexed. In use, the pockets of the pocket wheel drive through and are filled with granules in the bottom of the hopper. As each pocket is indexed beyond the seal, it is exposed to the moving asphalt coated strip below and its granules fall onto the strip to be embedded in the hot tacky asphalt. The speed at which the wheel is indexed is coordinated with the speed of the asphalt coated strip so that granules and strip are moving at about the same forward speed or at a preselected ratio of speeds when the granules fall onto the strip. Well defined patterns of granules are possible at high production rates.

A high speed granule delivery system and method is disclosed for dispensing granules in intermittent patterns onto a moving asphalt coated strip in the manufacture of roofing shingles. The system includes a granule hopper and a rotationally indexable pocket wheel in the bottom of the hopper. A series of pockets are formed in the circumference of the wheel and the pockets are separated by raised lands. A seal on the bottom of the hopper seals against the raised lands as the wheel is indexed. In use, the pockets of the pocket wheel drive through and are filled with granules in the bottom of the hopper. As each pocket is indexed beyond the seal, it is exposed to the moving asphalt coated strip below and its granules fall onto the strip to be embedded in the hot tacky asphalt. The speed at which the wheel is indexed is coordinated with the speed of the asphalt coated strip so that granules and strip are moving at about the same forward speed or at a preselected ratio of speeds when the granules fall onto the strip. Well defined patterns of granules are possible at high production rates.

The present application relates to cellulose nanocrystals and other anionic carbohydrates and methods of preparation thereof. Specifically, in certain embodiments, the cellulose nanocrystals are modified using ion exchange technology to yield thermally stable or task-specific, dispersible cellulose nanocrystals.

The present application relates to cellulose nanocrystals and other anionic carbohydrates and methods of preparation thereof. Specifically, in certain embodiments, the cellulose nanocrystals are modified using ion exchange technology to yield thermally stable or task-specific, dispersible cellulose nanocrystals.

An asphalt shingle manufacturing machine that includes a curtain die for applying a liquid release layer on an asphalt coated substrate. The moisture of the liquid release layer evaporates leaving a dispersed solid particulate release layer. The curtain die includes a first body section and a second body section with a shim disposed between the body sections to define a distribution channel. The second body section may include chamber manifold defined therein to store a volume of liquid release agent. The distribution channel places the chamber manifold in fluid communication with a discharge outlet of the curtain die in order to disperse a volume of liquid release agent from a chamber manifold out of the discharge outlet. The shim may be configured to define a width of the distribution channel to determine the flow rate and discharge pattern of the liquid release agent.