A method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising the steps of applying a color paint (W) to a substrate to form a colored coating film; applying an effect pigment dispersion (X) to the colored coating film, wherein the effect pigment dispersion (X) contains an effect pigment (x2), and the content of the effect pigment (x2) in the effect pigment dispersion (X) is within a range of 15 to 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total solids content in the effect pigment dispersion (X), to form an effect first base coating film; applying a transparent colored second base paint (Y) containing a color pigment (y2) to form a transparent colored second base coating film; and applying a clear paint (Z) to form a clear coating film, wherein the clear paint (Z) contains a hydroxy-containing acrylic resin (z1) and an aliphatic triisocyanate compound (z2-1) having a molecular weight within a range of 200 to 350.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition having an excellent finished appearance, such as smoothness and distinctness of image, as well as metallic feel and no metallic mottling when the composition comprises an effect pigment; excellent coating film performance, such as water resistance; and excellent storage stability. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition comprising (A) acrylic resin particles, (B) a water-soluble acrylic resin, and (C) a phosphoric acid compound represented by a specific formula and having hydrocarbon (and optionally polyoxyalkylene); and also provides a method for forming a coating film, comprising applying the aqueous coating composition, as well as an article coated with the aqueous coating composition.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition having an excellent finished appearance, such as smoothness and distinctness of image, as well as metallic feel and no metallic mottling when the composition comprises an effect pigment; excellent coating film performance, such as water resistance; and excellent storage stability. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition comprising (A) acrylic resin particles, (B) a water-soluble acrylic resin, and (C) a phosphoric acid compound represented by a specific formula and having hydrocarbon (and optionally polyoxyalkylene); and also provides a method for forming a coating film, comprising applying the aqueous coating composition, as well as an article coated with the aqueous coating composition.

Provided is a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus comprises: a support unit provided to support the substrate and rotate the substrate; a treatment liquid nozzle for supplying the treatment liquid onto the substrate supported by the support unit; a pre-wet liquid nozzle for supplying a pre-wet liquid onto a substrate supported by the support unit; and a controller for controlling the treatment liquid nozzle and the pre-wet liquid nozzle, wherein the controller controls the treatment liquid nozzle and the pre-wet liquid nozzle to perform a pre-wet step for supplying the pre-wet liquid to the substrate, and then a treatment liquid supply step for supplying the treatment liquid to the substrate and supplying the pre-wet liquid to the substrate during the supplying the treatment liquid to the substrate.

Provided is a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus comprises: a support unit provided to support the substrate and rotate the substrate; a treatment liquid nozzle for supplying the treatment liquid onto the substrate supported by the support unit; a pre-wet liquid nozzle for supplying a pre-wet liquid onto a substrate supported by the support unit; and a controller for controlling the treatment liquid nozzle and the pre-wet liquid nozzle, wherein the controller controls the treatment liquid nozzle and the pre-wet liquid nozzle to perform a pre-wet step for supplying the pre-wet liquid to the substrate, and then a treatment liquid supply step for supplying the treatment liquid to the substrate and supplying the pre-wet liquid to the substrate during the supplying the treatment liquid to the substrate.

Nanocomposite anticorrosion coating can be achieved by depositing alternating, multilayers of a cross-linkable polymer and dispersed and aligned inorganic platelets followed by cross-linking of the cross-linkable polymer. The cross-linkable polymer can be an externally cross-linkable polymer that is cross-linked by diffusing a cross-linking agent into the deposited multilayer coating. Alternately, the cross-linkable polymer can be a functionalized cross-linkable polymer that is cross-linked by self-curing, thermal heat curing, or light (e.g., UV) following deposition of the multilayer coating.

A process includes placing a mask over a substrate; delivering liquid film-forming compositions through the mask to the substrate; removing the mask to leave a multilayered raw shape on the substrate; and curing the multilayered raw shape to form the multilayered shaped film product disposed on the substrate. The mask has a delivery surface, an opposite surface and at least one aperture having a design corresponding to the desired shaped film product. The film-forming compositions are delivered through a multistream nozzle. The movement of the mask and the delivery of the first and second liquid film-forming compositions to the mask aperture are controlled to provide a volumetric flow rate of the first and second liquid film-forming compositions to the mask aperture corresponding to the volume of a void. The nozzle is in contact with the delivery surface of the mask.

A process includes placing a mask over a substrate; delivering liquid film-forming compositions through the mask to the substrate; removing the mask to leave a multilayered raw shape on the substrate; and curing the multilayered raw shape to form the multilayered shaped film product disposed on the substrate. The mask has a delivery surface, an opposite surface and at least one aperture having a design corresponding to the desired shaped film product. The film-forming compositions are delivered through a multistream nozzle. The movement of the mask and the delivery of the first and second liquid film-forming compositions to the mask aperture are controlled to provide a volumetric flow rate of the first and second liquid film-forming compositions to the mask aperture corresponding to the volume of a void. The nozzle is in contact with the delivery surface of the mask.

A method of manufacturing an article with integral active electronic component comprising: using an additive manufacturing process to: a) form a non-electrically conductive substrate; b) form a non-electrically conductive perforated layer having an aperture; c) form electrically conductive anode and cathode elements spaced in the aperture; d) deposit a conductive electrical connection to each of the elements suitable for imparting an electrical potential difference between the elements; e) form a non-electrically conductive sealing layer atop the perforated layer so as to retain and seal the aperture in the perforated layer.

A method of manufacturing an article with integral active electronic component comprising: using an additive manufacturing process to: a) form a non-electrically conductive substrate; b) form a non-electrically conductive perforated layer having an aperture; c) form electrically conductive anode and cathode elements spaced in the aperture; d) deposit a conductive electrical connection to each of the elements suitable for imparting an electrical potential difference between the elements; e) form a non-electrically conductive sealing layer atop the perforated layer so as to retain and seal the aperture in the perforated layer.